К УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯМ, УХОДУ И РАЗМЕЩЕНИЮ ЖИВОТНЫХ
(a) Все помещения должны быть сконструированы таким образом, чтобы обеспечить среду, удовлетворяющую физиологическим и этологическим потребностям содержащихся в них видов. Помещения также должны быть спроектированы и организованы, чтобы предотвратить несанкционированный доступ, а также проникновение или бегство животных.
(b) Учреждения должны иметь действующую программу технического обслуживания для предупреждения и устранения повреждений зданий и оборудования.
(a) Учреждения должны иметь эффективное и регулярное расписание уборки помещений и должны удовлетворять гигиеническим требованиям.
(b) Стены и полы должны быть отделаны износостойкими материалами высокого уровня стойкости к повреждениям, наносимым животными или уборкой. Эти материалы не должны оказывать неблагоприятное воздействие на здоровье животных, а также позволять животным нанести себе вред. Любое оборудование и приспособления должны иметь дополнительную защиту, чтобы не причинить вреда животным или не позволить животным нанести себе вред.
(c) Виды, которые несовместимы, например, хищники и их добыча, или животные, требующие различных условий обитания, не должны содержаться в одном помещении, или, в случае хищника и добычи, в зоне видимости, слышимости или обоняния.
(a) Учреждения должны иметь, где это необходимо, надлежащие лабораторные условия для проведения простых диагностических тестов, посмертных обследований, и/или отбора проб для исследования в других местах. Процедурные помещения общего и специального назначений должны быть пригодны для ситуаций, в которых нежелательно проводить процедуры или наблюдения в помещениях для содержания.
(b) Должны быть обеспечены условия для изоляции вновь прибывших животных, пока не будет определено состояние их здоровья и не будут оценены и минимизированы риски для здоровья содержащихся животных.
(c) Должно быть обеспечено размещение больных или травмированных животных для отдельного их содержания.
(a) Складские помещения должны быть спроектированы, а также использоваться и технически обслуживаться таким образом, чтобы сохранить качество кормов и подстилок. Эти помещения должны быть, насколько это возможно, устойчивыми к поражению паразитами и насекомыми-вредителями. Другие материалы, которые могут быть ядовиты или могут представлять опасность для животных или персонала, должны храниться отдельно.
(b) Помещения для мойки и чистки должны быть достаточно большими для размещения установок, необходимых для очистки и мытья использованного оборудования. Процесс очистки должен быть организован таким образом, чтобы отделять движение чистого и загрязненного оборудования в целях предотвращения загрязнения уже чистого оборудования.
(c) Учреждения обеспечивают гигиеническое хранение и безопасную утилизацию трупов и отходов животных.
(d) В тех случаях, когда требуются хирургические процедуры в асептических условиях, необходимо обеспечить одно или несколько надлежаще оборудованных помещений для послеоперационного восстановления.
(a) Теплоизоляция, отопление и температура помещений для содержания должны обеспечивать циркуляцию воздуха, запыленность и концентрацию газа в пределах, не наносящих вред содержащимся животным.
(b) Температура и относительная влажность в помещениях для содержания должны быть адаптированы к видам и возрастным группам содержащихся животных.
(c) Животные не должны быть ограничены пребыванием на открытом воздухе в климатических условиях, которые могут причинить им вред.
(a) В тех случаях, когда естественная освещенность не обеспечивает соответствующего цикла дня и ночи, должно быть обеспечено искусственное освещение для удовлетворения биологических требований животных и для обеспечения удовлетворительных условий для работы.
(b) Освещение должно удовлетворять нуждам процедур по разведению и обследованию животных.
(c) Должны быть обеспечены регулярные световые периоды и адаптированная для видов интенсивность.
(d) В случаях содержания животных-альбиносов освещение должно быть приспособлено с учетом их светочувствительности.
(a) Уровни шума, включая ультразвук, не должны неблагоприятно влиять на благополучие животных.
(b) Учреждения должны иметь системы сигнализации, которые срабатывают вне чувствительного уровня слышимости животных в случаях, если это не противоречит их слышимости человеком.
(c) Помещения для содержания в случае необходимости должны быть оснащены шумоизоляционными и шумопоглощающими материалами.
(a) Учреждения, работающие на механическом или электрическом оборудовании контроля и защиты микроклимата, должны иметь системы аварийного оборудования для поддержания необходимых средств обеспечения и аварийную систему освещения для обеспечения бесперебойной работы самих систем сигнализации.
(b) Системы отопления и вентиляции должны быть снабжены устройствами контроля и сигнализацией.
(c) Четкие инструкции действия при чрезвычайных обстоятельствах должны размещаться на видном месте.
(a) Учреждения должны иметь локальный комплекс мер для обеспечения поддержания состояния здоровья животных, которые защищают благополучие животных и удовлетворяют научным требованиям. Такой комплекс мер должен включать регулярный контроль за состоянием здоровья, программу микробиологических исследований и план действий в случаях ухудшения здоровья, а также определять параметры здоровья и процедуры для вселения новых животных.
(b) Животные должны как минимум ежедневно проверяться компетентным лицом.
Такие проверки обеспечивают выявление больных и травмированных животных и принятие соответствующих мер.
(a) Контейнеры для транспортировки и транспортные средства, адаптированные к перевозимым видам, должны быть доступны в местах отлова на случай, если животных необходимо транспортировать для обследования и лечения.
(b) Необходимо в особенности учесть факторы и принять соответствующие меры для акклиматизации, карантина, содержания и ухода за животными, взятыми из дикой природы, и при необходимости меры по их освобождению по окончании процедур.
(a) Содержание
Животные, за исключением природных одиночек, должны содержаться социально, в стабильных группах сходных индивидуумов. В тех случаях, когда разрешено одиночное содержание в соответствии со Статьей 33(3), его длительность должна быть сокращена до минимально необходимого периода с сохранением визуального контакта, аудиоконтакта, обонятельного и/или тактильного контакта. Заселение или повторное заселение животных в установленные группы должно тщательно наблюдаться для недопущения проблем несовместимости и разрыва социальных связей.
(b) Обогащение среды
Все животные должны быть обеспечены достаточно сложно организованным пространством для выражения большого количества нормальных поведенческих навыков. Им должна обеспечиваться необходимая степень контроля и выбора своего окружения для устранения обусловленного стрессом поведения. Учреждения должны иметь соответствующие локальные меры по обогащению предметной среды для расширения спектра деятельности, доступной для животных, и увеличения их адаптационной деятельности, включая физические упражнения, поиск пищи, манипуляторную и познавательную деятельность, соответствующую видам. Обогащение предметной среды в закрытых помещениях должно быть адаптировано к видам и индивидуальным потребностям животных. Развивающие программы в учреждениях должны регулярно пересматриваться и обновляться.
(c) Вольеры
Вольеры не должны быть сделаны из материалов, оказывающих неблагоприятное воздействие на здоровье животных. Их дизайн и конструкция не должны быть травмоопасными для животных. Они должны быть сделаны из материалов, устойчивых к очистке и мытью, если только они не предназначены для разового использования. Напольные покрытия в вольерах должны быть адаптированы к видам и возрасту животных и спроектированы надлежащим образом для удаления экскрементов.
(a) Форма, содержание и подача пищи должны удовлетворять требованиям питательности и поведенческим нуждам животного.
(b) Пища животных должна быть приятной на вид и вкус и незагрязненной. При выборе сырья, изготовлении, приготовлении и подаче еды, учреждения принимают меры к минимизации химического, физического и микробиологического загрязнения.
(c) Упаковка, транспортировка и хранение должны позволять избежать загрязнения, порчи и разрушения. Все загрузочные контейнеры, кормушки и другая утварь для кормления должны быть регулярно очищены и, если это необходимо, стерилизованы.
(d) Каждое животное должно иметь доступ к еде с достаточным пространством для кормления в целях ограничения борьбы за пищу.
(a) Чистая питьевая вода должна быть всегда доступна для животных.
(b) При использовании автоматических поилок необходимо их регулярно проверять, обслуживать и промывать во избежание несчастных случаев. При использовании клеток со сплошным днищем необходимо минимизировать риск затопления.
(c) Необходимо обеспечить адаптацию запасов воды для аквариумов и водоемов к нуждам и пределам резистентности конкретных видов рыб, амфибий и рептилий.
(a) Всегда должны быть обеспечены подстилки или конструкции для сна, адаптированные для видов, включая материалы для гнезд и конструкции для племенных животных.
(b) Соответственно видам животных в вольерах должно быть постоянное комфортное место для отдыха всех животных. Все места для сна должны содержаться сухими и чистыми.
Учреждения должны подготовить обучающие и тренировочные программы, пригодные для животных, процедур и длительности проекта.
В этой и последующих таблицах для мышей, крыс, песчанок, хомяков и морских свинок "высота вольера" означает вертикальное расстояние между полом и потолком вольера, и эта высота имеется на более чем 50% минимальной площади вольера до добавления развивающих приспособлений.
При разработке процедур следует уделить особое внимание фактору потенциального роста животных для обеспечения достаточного пространства (как детализировано в таблицах 1.1 - 1.5) на протяжении исследования.
--------------------------------
<*> Отлученные от матери мыши могут содержаться в более плотных стаях на короткий период времени после отлучения и до выпуска при условии, что животные содержатся в больших вольерах с достаточными развивающими приспособлениями и что такие условия содержания не причиняют ущерб благосостоянию животных, такой как повышенный уровень агрессии, повышенный уровень заболеваемости или смертности, стереотипы и иные недостатки поведения, потеря в весе или иные психологические и поведенческие реакции на стресс.
Крысы
--------------------------------
<*> При длительных исследованиях, если нормы размещения в расчете на одно животное становятся меньше, чем перечисленные выше, к завершению исследований, приоритет должен быть отдан сохранению стабильных социальных структур.
<**> Отлученные от матери крысы могут содержаться в более плотных стаях на короткий период времени после отлучения и до выпуска при условии, что животные содержатся в больших вольерах с достаточными развивающими приспособлениями и что такие условия содержания не причиняют ущерб благосостоянию животных, такой как повышенный уровень агрессии, повышенный уровень заболеваемости или смертности, стереотипы и иные недостатки поведения, потеря в весе или иные психологические и поведенческие реакции на стресс.
Песчанки
Хомяки
--------------------------------
<*> Отлученные от матери хомяки могут содержаться в более плотных стаях на короткий период времени после отлучения и до выпуска при условии, что животные содержатся в больших вольерах с достаточными развивающими приспособлениями и что такие условия содержания не причиняют ущерб благосостоянию животных, такой как повышенный уровень агрессии, повышенный уровень заболеваемости или смертности, стереотипы и иные недостатки поведения, потеря в весе или иные психологические и поведенческие реакции на стресс.
В процессе сельскохозяйственных исследований, когда цель проекта требует, чтобы животные содержались в таких же условиях, как и коммерческие сельскохозяйственные животные, содержание животных должно отвечать как минимум стандартам, установленным Директивой 98/58/ЕС <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> Директива 98/58/ЕС Совета ЕС от 20 июля 1998 г. о защите сельскохозяйственных животных (ОЖ N L 221, 8.8.1998, стр. 23).
Внутри вольера должно быть возвышение. Это возвышение должно позволять животному лежать, сидеть и легко перемещаться под низ и не должно занимать более 40% площади пола. В тех случаях, когда по научным или ветеринарным причинам возвышение не может быть использовано, вольер должен быть на 33% больше для одного кролика и на 60% больше для двух кроликов. В тех случаях, когда возвышение размещается для кроликов возрастом менее 10 недель, размер возвышения должен быть как минимум 55 см на 25 см, а высота над уровнем пола должна быть такой, чтобы кролики могли ей воспользоваться.
Таблица 2.1 используется для клеток и для загонов. Дополнительная площадь пола составляет как минимум 3 000 см2 на кролика для каждого третьего, четвертого, пятого и шестого кролика, тогда как минимум 2 500 см2 должны быть добавлены на каждого дополнительного кролика свыше шести.
Крольчиха плюс выводок
Кролики менее 10 недель
Таблица 2.3 используется для клеток и для загонов.
Кролики: оптимальные размеры возвышений для вольеров,
указанных в таблице 2.1
Кошки не должны размещаться в одиночку более чем на 24 часа единовременно. Кошки, которые неоднократно проявляли агрессию к другим кошкам, должны размещаться в одиночку только в случае, если не находится подходящего соседа. Социальный стресс содержащихся парно или в группах индивидуумов должен наблюдаться как минимум еженедельно. Самки с котятами до 4 недель или в последние 2 недели беременности могут содержаться отдельно.
Кошки
Минимальное пространство, в котором приносящая потомство самка и выводок могут содержаться, - это рассчитанное на одну кошку, которое будет постепенно увеличиваться таким образом, что к 4-месячному возрасту потомство будет размещено согласно требованиям к размещению взрослых особей.
Места для кормления и лотки с наполнителем должны быть на расстоянии не менее 0,5 м и не должны меняться местами.
--------------------------------
Собаки, где это возможно, должны обеспечиваться выгулом. Собаки не должны размещаться в одиночку более чем на 4 часа единовременно.
Внутренние вольеры должны составлять как минимум 50% пространства, предоставленного собакам, как детализировано в таблице 4.1.
Нормы пространства, перечисленные ниже, основаны на требованиях для биглей. Однако крупные породы, такие как сенбернар или ирландский волкодав, должны быть обеспечены по нормам, значительно превышающим изложенные в таблице 4.1. Для иных пород, чем лабораторный бигль, нормы пространства определяются после консультации с ветеринаром.
Собаки, содержащиеся парно или в группе, могут быть ограничены каждая половиной общего пространства (2 м2 на собаку весом до 20 кг, 4 м2 на собаку весом свыше 20 кг), на то время, пока они участвуют в процедурах, как определено настоящей Директивой, если такое разделение необходимо для научных целей. Период времени, на который собака ограничивается таким образом, не должен превышать 4 часов единовременно.
Для кормящей суки и выводка обеспечиваются такие же нормы пространства, как и для одной суки такого же веса. Загон для выведения потомства должен быть спроектирован таким образом, чтобы сука могла перемещаться в дополнительное отделение или на возвышение поодаль от щенков.
Собаки - стая после отлучения
Хорьки
Молодые нечеловекообразные приматы не должны отлучаться от матерей до достижения возраста, в зависимости от вида, от 6 до 12 месяцев.
Окружающая среда должна позволять нечеловекообразным приматам вести ежедневную комплексную программу деятельности. Вольер должен позволять нечеловекообразным приматам проявлять как можно больший спектр поведенческих навыков, обеспечивать чувство безопасности, а также пригодную сложно организованную среду, чтобы животное могло бегать, ходить, лазить и прыгать.
Игрунки и тамарины
--------------------------------
Для игрунков и тамаринов отлучение от матери не должно происходить до достижения восьмимесячного возраста.
Беличьи обезьяны
--------------------------------
Для беличьих обезьян отлучение от матери не должно происходить до достижения шестимесячного возраста.
Макаки и мартышки <*>
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
<***> В колониях по воспроизводству не требуется дополнительной площади/объема для размещения молодых животных до 2 лет, содержащихся вместе с матерью.
Для макак и мартышек отнятие от матери не должно происходить до достижения восьмимесячного возраста.
Бабуины <*>
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
<***> В колониях по воспроизводству не требуется дополнительной площади/объема для размещения молодых животных до 2 лет, содержащихся вместе с матерью.
Для бабуинов отнятие от матери не должно происходить до достижения восьмимесячного возраста.
В процессе сельскохозяйственных исследований, когда цель проекта требует, чтобы животные содержались в таких же условиях, как и коммерческие сельскохозяйственные животные, содержание животных должно отвечать как минимум стандартам, установленным Директивами 98/58/ЕС, 91/629/ЕЭС <*> и 91/630/ЕЭС <**>.
--------------------------------
<*> Директива 91/629/ЕЭС Совета ЕС от 19 ноября 1991 г., устанавливающая минимальные стандарты для защиты телят (ОЖ N L 340, 11.12.1991, стр. 28).
<**> Директива 91/630/ЕЭС Совета ЕС от 19 ноября 1991 г., устанавливающая минимальные стандарты для защиты свиней (ОЖ N L 340, 11.12.1991, стр. 33).
Крупный рогатый скот
Овцы и козы
Свиньи и карликовые свиньи
--------------------------------
<*> Свиньи могут быть ограничены меньшими размерами вольеров в течение короткого периода времени, например, путем разделения основного вольера с использованием разделительных стенок, в случаях, если это обосновано с ветеринарной или экспериментальной точек зрения, например, где необходимо индивидуальное потребление пищи.
Лошади
Короткая стена должна быть минимум в полтора раза больше роста животного в холке. Высота внутреннего вольера должна позволять животному вставать на задние ноги в полный рост.
--------------------------------
<*> Для обеспечения достаточного пространства, нормы пространств для каждого индивидуума основаны на росте в холке (WH).
В процессе сельскохозяйственных исследований, когда цель проекта требует, чтобы животные содержались в таких же условиях, как и коммерческие сельскохозяйственные животные, содержание животных должно отвечать как минимум стандартам, установленным Директивами 98/58/ЕС, 1999/74/ЕС <*> и 2007/43/ЕС <**>.
--------------------------------
<*> Директива 1999/74/ЕЭС Совета ЕС от 19 июля 1999 г., устанавливающая минимальные стандарты защиты несущих кур (ОЖ N L 203, 3.8.1999, стр. 53).
<**> Директива 2007/43/ЕС Совета ЕС от 28 июня 2007 г., устанавливающая минимальные правила защиты цыплят для мясного производства (ОЖ N L 182, 12.7.2007, стр. 19).
Домашняя птица
В тех случаях, когда минимальные размеры вольеров не могут быть предоставлены по научным соображениям, продолжительность такого ограничения должна быть оправдана экспериментатором по согласованию с ветеринаром. При таких обстоятельствах птицы могут быть размещены в меньших вольерах, содержащих соответствующие развивающие приспособления, с минимальной площадью пола 0,75 м2.
Домашние индейки
Все стороны вольера должны быть минимум 1,5 м длиной. В тех случаях, когда минимальные размеры вольеров не могут быть предоставлены по научным соображениям, продолжительность такого ограничения должна быть оправдана экспериментатором по согласованию с ветеринаром. При таких обстоятельствах птицы могут быть размещены в меньших вольерах, содержащих соответствующие развивающие приспособления, с минимальной площадью пола 0,75 м2 и минимальной высотой 50 см для птиц весом менее 0,6 кг, 75 см - для птиц до 4 кг, и 100 см - для птиц свыше 4 кг. Такие помещения могут быть использованы для содержания малых групп птиц в соответствии с нормами пространства, указанными в таблице 8.2.
Куропатки
Утки и гуси
В тех случаях, когда минимальные размеры вольеров не могут быть предоставлены по научным соображениям, продолжительность такого ограничения должна быть оправдана экспериментатором по согласованию с ветеринаром. При таких обстоятельствах птицы могут быть размещены в меньших вольерах, содержащих соответствующие развивающие приспособления, с минимальной площадью пола 0,75 м2. Такие помещения могут быть использованы для содержания малых групп птиц в соответствии с нормами пространства, указанными в таблице 8.4.
--------------------------------
<*> Включает пруд минимальной площадью 0,5 м на 2 м вольера с минимальной глубиной 30 см. Пруд может составлять до 50% минимального размера вольера.
Утки и гуси: минимальные размеры пруда <*>
--------------------------------
Голуби
Вольеры должны быть длинными и узкими (например, 2 м на 1 м), нежели квадратные, для осуществления небольших полетов.
Зебровые амадины
Вольеры должны быть длинными и узкими (например, 2 м на 1 м), нежели квадратные, для осуществления небольших полетов. Для исследования в целях выращивания пары могут быть размещены в меньших вольерах, содержащих соответствующие развивающие приспособления, с минимальной площадью пола 0,5 м2 и минимальной высотой 40 см. Продолжительность такого ограничения должна быть оправдана экспериментатором по согласованию с ветеринаром.
Водные хвостатые амфибии
--------------------------------
Водные бесхвостые <*>
--------------------------------
<*> Эти условия применяются к содержанию искусственных (т.е. для разведения) водоемов, но не для водоемов, используемых для естественного спаривания и суперовуляции, из соображений эффективности, в то время как последние процедуры требуют меньших индивидуальных водоемов. Требования к пространству определены для взрослых особей в указанных размерных категориях; молодняк и головастики должны быть либо исключены, либо размеры изменены методом масштабирования.
--------------------------------
Околоводные бесхвостые
--------------------------------
<***> Измеряется от поверхности земной части до внутренней части верха террариума; при этом высота вольеров адаптируется к внутреннему оформлению интерьера.
Земноводные бесхвостые
--------------------------------
<***> Измеряется от поверхности земной части до внутренней части верха террариума; при этом высота вольеров адаптируется к внутреннему оформлению интерьера.
Древесные бесхвостые
--------------------------------
<***> Измеряется от поверхности земной части до внутренней части верха террариума; при этом высота вольеров адаптируется к внутреннему оформлению интерьера.
Водные черепахи
--------------------------------
Наземные змеи
--------------------------------
<**> Измеряется от поверхности земной части до внутренней части верха террариума; при этом высота вольеров адаптируется к внутреннему оформлению интерьера.
В любое время должен быть обеспечен достаточный запас воды надлежащего качества. Поток воды в рециркуляционных системах или системах фильтрации в водоемах должен быть достаточен для обеспечения качественных параметров воды в пределах допустимых уровней. Вода по необходимости должна быть фильтрована либо обработана для удаления веществ, вредных для рыб. Параметры качества воды в любое время должны быть в приемлемых пределах, что позволяет поддерживать нормальную деятельность и физиологию конкретных видов и их стадий развития. Поток воды должен быть пригодным для плавания рыбы и поддержания нормального поведения. Для рыб должно быть предоставлено достаточное время для акклиматизации и адаптации к изменениям условий качества воды.
Концентрация кислорода должна быть соответствующая для видов и среды, в которой содержатся рыбы. В необходимых случаях должна быть обеспечена дополнительная аэрация водоема. Концентрации соединений азота должны поддерживаться на низком уровне.
Уровень концентрации ионов водорода (pH) должен быть адаптирован для видов и быть стабилен, насколько это возможно. Соленость должна быть адаптирована к потребностям видов рыб, а также к их периоду жизни. Изменения солености должны вводиться постепенно.
Температура должна поддерживаться на оптимальном уровне для соответствующих видов рыб и быть стабильна, насколько это возможно. Изменения температуры должны вводиться постепенно. Для рыб должен поддерживаться соответствующий световой период. Уровень шума должен быть минимален, и по возможности оборудование, создающее шум или вибрацию, такое как генераторы или системы фильтрации, должно содержаться отдельно от водоемов с рыбой.
Плотность размещения рыб основана на общих потребностях рыб в отношении условий окружающей среды, здоровья и благосостояния. Рыбы должны иметь достаточный объем воды для нормального плавания с учетом их размера, возраста, здоровья и способа питания. Для рыб должна быть соответствующе организована окружающая среда, включающая места для убежища, донный субстрат, кроме случаев, когда поведенческие особенности такого не предполагают.
Рыб должны кормить пищей, предназначенной для рыб, в соответствии с нормами скармливания и частотой кормления. Особое внимание должно уделяться кормлению рыб в личиночных стадиях в период перехода от натуральной пищи к искусственной. Прикосновения к рыбам должны быть сведены к минимуму.
1. В процессе умерщвления животных должны быть использованы методы, указанные в таблице.
Иные методы, чем предусмотренные таблицей, могут быть применены:
(a) к животным без сознания при условии, чтобы животное не пришло в сознание перед смертью;
(b) к животным, использующимся в сельскохозяйственных исследованиях, когда цель проекта требует, чтобы животные содержались в таких же условиях, как и коммерческие сельскохозяйственные животные; такие животные могут быть умерщвлены в соответствии с требованиями, установленными в Приложении I к Регламенту (ЕС) 1099/2009 Совета ЕС от 24 сентября 2009 г. о защите животных во время умерщвления <*>.
--------------------------------
2. Умерщвление животных должно быть осуществлено одним из следующих методов:
(a) подтверждение постоянного прекращения кровообращения;
(b) разрушение мозга;
(c) вывих шеи;
(d) обескровливание;
(e) подтверждение наступления rigor mortis.
Требования
1. Используется, где это возможно, предварительная седация.
2. Используется только на крупных рептилиях.
3. Используется только путем постепенного наполнения. Не используется в отношении эмбрионов и новорожденных грызунов.
4. Используется только в отношении птиц весом менее 1 кг. Птицы весом более 250 г должны седатироваться.
5. Используется только в отношении грызунов весом менее 1 кг. Грызуны весом более 150 г должны седатироваться.
6. Используется только в отношении кроликов весом менее 1 кг. Кролики весом более 150 г должны седатироваться.
7. Используется только в отношении птиц весом менее 5 кг.
8. Используется только в отношении грызунов весом менее 1 кг.
9. Используется только в отношении кроликов весом менее 5 кг.
10. Используется только в отношении новорожденных.
11. Используется только в отношении птиц весом менее 250 г.
12. Используется только в случае невозможности использовать иные методы.
13. Требуется специальное оборудование.
14. Используется только в отношении свиней.
15. Используется только в полевых условиях опытным стрелком.
16. Используется только в полевых условиях опытным стрелком, если нет возможности использовать иные методы.
ОБЛАСТЕЙ НАУЧНОГО ЗНАНИЯ, УКАЗАННЫХ В СТАТЬЕ 23(3)
1. Действующее национальное законодательство в отношении приобретения, выведения, ухода и использования животных для научных целей.
2. Этика в отношениях человек-животное, истинная ценность жизни и аргументы за и против использования животных для научных целей.
3. Основы биологии и биология отдельных видов в отношении их анатомии, физиологических характеристик, выращивания, генетики и генетической модификации.
4. Поведение животных, разведение и обогащение среды.
5. Методы обращения и процедур в отношении отдельных видов в необходимых случаях.
6. Уход за здоровьем животных и гигиена.
7. Признание характерных для отдельных видов боли, страданий, мучений или других последствий причиненного вреда.
8. Анестезия, методы обезболивания и умерщвление.
9. Использование гуманных завершений процедур.
10. Требования замещения, сокращения и совершенствования.
11. Разработка процедур и проектов в необходимых случаях.
СВЕДЕНИЙ, УКАЗАННЫХ В СТАТЬЕ 37(1)(c)
1. Относимость и оправданность следующего:
(a) использование животных, включая их происхождение, установленное количество, виды и стадии жизни;
(b) процедуры.
2. Применение методов замещения, сокращения и совершенствования использования животных в процедурах.
3. Планируемое использование анестезии, анальгезии и других обезболивающих методов.
4. Сокращение, избежание и облегчение любых форм страданий животного с рождения до смерти в необходимых случаях.
5. Использование гуманных завершений процедур.
6. Экспериментальная и наблюдательная стратегия и статистическое планирование по минимизации количества животных, боли, страданий, мучений животных и воздействий на окружающую среду в необходимых случаях.
7. Повторное использование животных и накопительный эффект такого использования, отражающийся на животных.
8. Предполагаемая классификация процедур по степени жестокости.
9. Избежание неоправданных повторений процедур в необходимых случаях.
10. Условия содержания, разведения и ухода за животными.
11. Методы умерщвления.
12. Компетентность лиц, участвующих в проекте.
1. Координационной лабораторией Союза, указанной в Статье 48, является Объединенный исследовательский центр при Европейской Комиссии.
2. На Координационную лабораторию Союза возложены, в частности, следующие обязанности:
(a) координация и продвижение развития и использования альтернатив процедурам, включая области фундаментального и прикладного исследования и нормативного тестирования;
(b) координация валидации альтернативных подходов на уровне Союза;
(c) является центром контактов для обмена информацией о развитии альтернативных подходов;
(d) создание, ведение и управление общественными базами данных и информационными системами по альтернативным подходам и их текущему состоянию;
(e) поощрение диалога между законодателями, исполнителями и соответствующими заинтересованными лицами, в частности, учеными, потребительскими организациями и группами по защите животных, с целью развития, валидации, принятия правил, международного признания и применения альтернативных подходов.
3. Координационная лаборатория Союза должна участвовать в валидации альтернативных подходов.
ПРОЦЕДУР ПО СТЕПЕНИ ЖЕСТОКОСТИ
Жестокость процедуры должна быть определена по степени причинения боли, страданий, мучений и других последствий причиненного вреда, которые, как ожидается, испытает отдельное животное в ходе процедуры.
Степени жестокости
Процедуры, которые полностью проводятся под общим наркозом, во время которого животное не приходит в сознание, классифицируются как "нечувствительные".
Процедуры на животных, в результате которых животные, вероятно, испытают кратковременную слабо выраженную боль, страдания или мучения, так же как процедуры без существенного ухудшения самочувствия или общего состояния животных, классифицируются как "мягкие".
Процедуры на животных, в результате которых животные, вероятно, испытают кратковременную умеренно выраженную боль, страдания или мучения или длящуюся слабо выраженную боль, страдания или мучения, так же как процедуры, которые, вероятно, причинят ухудшение самочувствия или общего состояния животных, классифицируются как "умеренные".
Процедуры на животных, в результате которых животные, вероятно, испытают сильно выраженную боль, страдания или мучения или длительную умеренно выраженную боль, страдания или мучения, так же как процедуры, которые, вероятно, повлекут сильное ухудшение самочувствия или общего состояния животных, классифицируются как "жестокие".
Критерии классификации
При присвоении степени жестокости необходимо учитывать любое внутреннее вмешательство или манипуляции в рамках определяемой процедуры. Присвоение степени основывается на наиболее сильно выраженных последствиях, которые, вероятно, испытает животное после применения всех необходимых восстановительных методов.
При отнесении процедуры к той или иной степени жестокости учитывается тип процедуры и ряд других факторов. Все эти факторы учитываются для каждого случая отдельно.
Факторы, относящиеся к процедуре, включают следующее:
- тип манипуляции, обращение,
- природа боли, страданий, мучений и других последствий причиненного вреда, причиняемых процедурой (всеми ее элементами), их интенсивность, продолжительность, частота, а также множественность используемых методов,
- совокупные страдания в рамках процедуры,
- предотвращение проявления естественного поведения, включая ограничения стандартов размещения, разведения и ухода.
Примеры классификации процедур по каждой степени жестокости на основе факторов, относящихся к типу процедуры, приведены в Разделе III. Такие факторы являются первичным критерием отнесения процедуры к соответствующей классификации.
Однако для целей окончательной классификации по степени жестокости, должны быть учтены дополнительные факторы, оцениваемые в каждом отдельном случае:
- тип особей и генотип,
- зрелость, возраст и пол животного,
- опыт подготовки животного к процедуре,
- если животное подлежит повторному использованию, действительная жестокость предыдущих процедур,
- методы, используемые для уменьшения или снятия боли, страданий, мучений, включая улучшение условий содержания, разведения,
- гуманные завершения процедур.
Примеры различных типов процедур,
классифицированных по степени жестокости на основе
факторов, относящихся к типу процедуры
(a) введение анестезии, за исключением случаев исключительно для умерщвления;
(b) фармакокинетическое исследование, при котором назначается одна доза и берется ограниченное количество проб крови (в общем менее 10% от циркулирующего объема) и не предполагается, что вещество окажет обнаруживаемый неблагоприятный эффект;
(c) неинвазивная визуализация животного (например, МРТ) с соответствующей седацией или анестезией;
(d) поверхностные процедуры, например, биопсия уха и хвоста, нехирургические подкожные имплантации мини-насосов и передатчиков;
(e) применение внешних телеметрических приспособлений, которые причиняют минимальный вред животным или минимальное вмешательство в нормальную деятельность и поведение;
(f) введение препаратов подкожно, внутримышечно, интраперитонеально, кормление через желудочный зонд или внутривенно через внешние кровеносные сосуды в случае, если вещество оказывает не более чем умеренное воздействие на животное и его количество находится в соответствующих пределах для размера и вида животного;
(g) вызывание опухолей или самопроизвольные опухоли, которые не оказывают обнаруживаемого неблагоприятного воздействия (например, маленькие, подкожные, неинвазивные гранулемы);
(h) выведение генетически модифицированных животных, результатом чего предполагается фенотип с умеренными проявлениями;
(i) кормление модифицированной пищей, не удовлетворяющей требованиям питательности для животных, которая предположительно вызывает слабо выраженную клиническую аномалию в рамках временного периода исследования;
(j) краткосрочное (менее 24 часов) содержание в метаболических клетках;
(k) исследования, включающие краткосрочное лишение социальных партнеров, краткосрочное содержание в одиночку взрослых крыс или мышей социальных пород;
(l) модели, в которых животные подвергаются воздействию вредоносного стимула на короткий период времени и которого они могут успешно избегать;
(m) совмещение или накопление следующих примеров может классифицироваться как "мягкая":
(i) оценка строения тела неинвазивными методами с минимальным ограничением;
(ii) отслеживание ЭКГ неинвазивными методами с минимальным ограничением или без такового для приученных животных;
(iii) применение внешних телеметрических устройств, которые предположительно не окажут неблагоприятное воздействие на социально адаптированных животных и не вмешиваются в нормальную деятельность и поведение;
(iv) выведение генетически модифицированных животных, которые предположительно не будут иметь клинически обнаруживаемого неблагоприятного фенотипа;
(v) добавление нейтральных маркеров в пищу для отслеживания процесса пищеварения;
(vi) лишение взрослых крыс еды менее чем на 24 часа;
(vii) тестирование "открытое поле".
(a) частое применение тестовых препаратов, которые оказывают умеренно выраженные клинические воздействия и забор проб крови (более 10% циркулирующего объема) у животного, находящегося в сознании, в течение нескольких дней без переливания;
(b) изучение непосредственных эффектов диапазона доз;
(c) хирургия под общим наркозом и соответствующей анальгезией, связанная с постоперационной болью, страданием или ухудшением общего состояния. Примеры включают торакотомию, краниотомию, лапаротомию, орхидэктомию, лимфаденэктомию, тиреоидэктомию, ортопедическую хирургию с эффективной стабилизацией и лечением раны, трансплантацию органов с эффективной терапией отторжения, хирургическую имплантацию катетеров или биомедицинских устройств (например, телеметрические передатчики, мини-насосы и т.д.);
(d) модели вызывания опухолей или самопроизвольные опухоли, которые предположительно причинят умеренную боль или мучения или окажут умеренное вмешательство в нормальное поведение;
(e) облучение или химиотерапия с сублетальной дозой или же летальной дозой, но с восстановлением иммунной системы. Неблагоприятные последствия предполагаются слабо выраженными или умеренными и краткосрочными (менее 5 дней);
(f) выведение генетически модифицированных животных, результатом чего предполагается фенотип с умеренными проявлениями;
(g) создание генетически модифицированных животных путем хирургических процедур;
(h) использование метаболических клеток, включающих умеренное ограничение передвижения на продолжительный срок (до 5 дней);
(i) исследования с модифицированной пищей, которая не удовлетворяет требованиям питательности для животных и предположительно вызовет умеренно выраженную клиническую аномалию в рамках временного периода исследования;
(j) лишение взрослых крыс еды на 48 часов;
(k) вызывание реакций убегания и избегания там, где животные не могут избежать или убежать от стимула, что предположительно выразится в умеренных мучениях.
(a) тесты на токсичность, в которых смерть является завершением процедуры или в которых предполагается смертельный исход и вызываются сильно выраженные патофизиологические состояния. Например, тест на острый токсический эффект одной дозы (см. принципы тестирования OECD);
(b) тестирование устройства, в котором неудача может вызвать жестокую боль, мучения и смерть животного (например, кардиостимуляторы);
(c) тестирование активности вакцины, характеризующееся стойким ухудшением состояния животного, прогрессирующей болезнью, ведущей к смерти, сопровождающейся длительной умеренной болью, мучениями и страданиями;
(d) облучение или химиотерапия с летальной дозой без восстановления иммунной системы или восстановление с реакцией "трансплантат против хозяина";
(e) модели с вызыванием опухолей или с самопроизвольными опухолями, которые предположительно вызовут прогрессирующую болезнь с летальным исходом, сопровождающуюся длительной умеренно выраженной болью, мучениями или страданиями. Например, опухоли, вызывающие общее истощение, инвазивные костные опухоли, опухоли с разрастанием метастаз и опухоли, приводящие к изъязвлению;
(f) хирургическое и другое вмешательство в животных под общим наркозом, которое предположительно приведет к сильно выраженной или к устойчивой умеренно выраженной послеоперационной боли, страданиям и мучениям или сильно выраженному и устойчивому ухудшению общего состояния животных. Раздробление костей, торакотомия без достаточной анальгезии или травма, приведшая к нарушению работы нескольких органов;
(g) трансплантация органа, при которой отторжение органа предположительно приведет к сильно выраженным мучениям или ухудшению общего состояния животных (например, ксенотрансплантация);
(h) разведение животных с генетическими нарушениями, которые предположительно испытывают сильно выраженное и устойчивое ухудшение общего состояния (например, болезнь Хантингтона, дистрофия мышц, модели хронических рецидивирующих невритов);
(i) использование метаболических клеток, включая сильное ограничение передвижения в течение длительного срока;
(j) неизбегаемый электрический шок (напр., для вызывания приобретенной беспомощности);
(k) полная изоляция на длительный срок социальных видов, например, собак и нечеловекообразных приматов;
(l) стресс от обездвиживания для вызывания у крыс язвенной болезни желудка или сердечной недостаточности;
(m) тесты с принудительным плаванием или упражнениями, завершением которых является истощение.
OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
ON THE PROTECTION OF ANIMALS USED
FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES <*>
(Strasbourg, 22.IX.2010)
(Text with EEA relevance)
(Amended by:
Regulation (EU) 2019/1010 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 5 June 2019)
--------------------------------
<*> This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document
Subject matter and scope
1. This Directive establishes measures for the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes.
To that end, it lays down rules on the following:
(a) the replacement and reduction of the use of animals in procedures and the refinement of the breeding, accommodation, care and use of animals in procedures;
(b) the origin, breeding, marking, care and accommodation and killing of animals;
(c) the operations of breeders, suppliers and users;
(d) the evaluation and authorisation of projects involving the use of animals in procedures.
2. This Directive shall apply where animals are used or intended to be used in procedures, or bred specifically so that their organs or tissues may be used for scientific purposes.
This Directive shall apply until the animals referred to in the first subparagraph have been killed, rehomed or returned to a suitable habitat or husbandry system.
The elimination of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm by the successful use of anaesthesia, analgesia or other methods shall not exclude the use of an animal in procedures from the scope of this Directive.
3. This Directive shall apply to the following animals:
(a) live non-human vertebrate animals, including:
(i) independently feeding larval forms; and
(ii) foetal forms of mammals as from the last third of their normal development;
(b) live cephalopods.
4. This Directive shall apply to animals used in procedures, which are at an earlier stage of development than that referred to in point (a) of paragraph 3, if the animal is to be allowed to live beyond that stage of development and, as a result of the procedures performed, is likely to experience pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm after it has reached that stage of development.
5. This Directive shall not apply to the following:
(a) non-experimental agricultural practices;
(b) non-experimental clinical veterinary practices;
(c) veterinary clinical trials required for the marketing authorisation of a veterinary medicinal product;
(d) practices undertaken for the purposes of recognised animal husbandry;
(e) practices undertaken for the primary purpose of identification of an animal;
(f) practices not likely to cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice.
6. This Directive shall apply without prejudice to Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 169. Directive recast by Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (OJ L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59), which applies as from 11 July 2013.
Stricter national measures
1. Member States may, while observing the general rules laid down in the TFEU, maintain provisions in force on 9 November 2010, aimed at ensuring more extensive protection of animals falling within the scope of this Directive than those contained in this Directive.
Before 1 January 2013 Member States shall inform the Commission about such national provisions. The Commission shall bring them to the attention of other Member States.
2. When acting pursuant to paragraph 1, a Member State shall not prohibit or impede the supply or use of animals bred or kept in another Member State in accordance with this Directive, nor shall it prohibit or impede the placing on the market of products developed with the use of such animals in accordance with this Directive.
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive the following definitions shall apply:
1. "procedure" means any use, invasive or non-invasive, of an animal for experimental or other scientific purposes, with known or unknown outcome, or educational purposes, which may cause the animal a level of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice.
This includes any course of action intended, or liable, to result in the birth or hatching of an animal or the creation and maintenance of a genetically modified animal line in any such condition, but excludes the killing of animals solely for the use of their organs or tissues;
2. "project" means a programme of work having a defined scientific objective and involving one or more procedures;
3. "establishment" means any installation, building, group of buildings or other premises and may include a place that is not wholly enclosed or covered and mobile facilities;
4. "breeder" means any natural or legal person breeding animals referred to in Annex I with a view to their use in procedures or for the use of their tissue or organs for scientific purposes, or breeding other animals primarily for those purposes, whether for profit or not;
5. "supplier" means any natural or legal person, other than a breeder, supplying animals with a view to their use in procedures or for the use of their tissue or organs for scientific purposes, whether for profit or not;
6. "user" means any natural or legal person using animals in procedures, whether for profit or not;
7. "competent authority" means an authority or authorities or bodies designated by a Member State to carry out the obligations arising from this Directive.
Principle of replacement, reduction and refinement
1. Member States shall ensure that, wherever possible, a scientifically satisfactory method or testing strategy, not entailing the use of live animals, shall be used instead of a procedure.
2. Member States shall ensure that the number of animals used in projects is reduced to a minimum without compromising the objectives of the project.
3. Member States shall ensure refinement of breeding, accommodation and care, and of methods used in procedures, eliminating or reducing to the minimum any possible pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to the animals.
4. This Article shall, in the choice of methods, be implemented in accordance with Article 13.
Purposes of procedures
Procedures may be carried out for the following purposes only:
(a) basic research;
(b) translational or applied research with any of the following aims:
(i) the avoidance, prevention, diagnosis or treatment of disease, ill-health or other abnormality or their effects in human beings, animals or plants;
(ii) the assessment, detection, regulation or modification of physiological conditions in human beings, animals or plants; or
(iii) the welfare of animals and the improvement of the production conditions for animals reared for agricultural purposes;
(c) for any of the aims in point (b) in the development, manufacture or testing of the quality, effectiveness and safety of drugs, foodstuffs and feed-stuffs and other substances or products;
(d) protection of the natural environment in the interests of the health or welfare of human beings or animals;
(e) research aimed at preservation of the species;
(f) higher education, or training for the acquisition, maintenance or improvement of vocational skills;
(g) forensic inquiries.
Methods of killing
1. Member States shall ensure that animals are killed with minimum pain, suffering and distress.
2. Member States shall ensure that animals are killed in the establishment of a breeder, supplier or user, by a competent person.
However, in the case of a field study an animal may be killed by a competent person outside of an establishment.
3. In relation to the animals covered by Annex IV, the appropriate method of killing as set out in that Annex shall be used.
4. Competent authorities may grant exemptions from the requirement in paragraph 3:
(a) to allow the use of another method provided that, on the basis of scientific evidence, the method is considered to be at least as humane; or
(b) when, on the basis of scientific justification, the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of a method of killing set out in Annex IV.
5. Paragraphs 2 and 3 shall not apply where an animal has to be killed in emergency circumstances for animal-welfare, public-health, public-security, animal-health or environmental reasons.
ANIMALS IN PROCEDURES
Endangered species
1. Specimens of those endangered species listed in Annex A to Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein <*>, which do not fall within the scope of Article 7(1) of that Regulation, shall not be used in procedures, with the exception of those procedures meeting the following conditions:
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 61, 3.3.1997, p. 1.
(a) the procedure has one of the purposes referred to in points (b)(i), (c) or (e) of Article 5 of this Directive; and
(b) there is scientific justification to the effect that the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of species other than those listed in that Annex.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to any species of non-human primates.
Non-human primates
1. Subject to paragraph 2, specimens of non-human primates shall not be used in procedures, with the exception of those procedures meeting the following conditions:
(a) the procedure has one of the purposes referred to in
(i) points (b)(i) or (c) of Article 5 of this Directive and is undertaken with a view to the avoidance, prevention, diagnosis or treatment of debilitating or potentially life-threatening clinical conditions in human beings; or
(ii) points (a) or (e) of Article 5;
and
(b) there is scientific justification to the effect that the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of species other than non-human primates.
A debilitating clinical condition for the purposes of this Directive means a reduction in a person's normal physical or psychological ability to function.
2. Specimens of non-human primates listed in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97, which do not fall within the scope of Article 7(1) of that Regulation, shall not be used in procedures, with the exception of those procedures meeting the following conditions:
(a) the procedure has one of the purposes referred to in:
(i) points (b)(i) or (c) of Article 5 of this Directive and is undertaken with a view to the avoidance, prevention, diagnosis or treatment of debilitating or potentially life-threatening clinical conditions in human beings; or
(ii) Article 5(e);
and
(b) there is scientific justification to the effect that the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of species other than non-human primates and by the use of species not listed in that Annex.
3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2, great apes shall not be used in procedures, subject to the use of the safeguard clause in Article 55(2).
Animals taken from the wild
1. Animals taken from the wild shall not be used in procedures.
2. Competent authorities may grant exemptions from paragraph 1 on the basis of scientific justification to the effect that the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of an animal which has been bred for use in procedures.
3. The capture of animals in the wild shall be carried out only by competent persons using methods which do not cause the animals avoidable pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm.
Any animal found, at or after capture, to be injured or in poor health shall be examined by a veterinarian or another competent person and action shall be taken to minimise the suffering of the animal. Competent authorities may grant exemptions from the requirement of taking action to minimise the suffering of the animal if there is scientific justification.
Animals bred for use in procedures
1. Member States shall ensure that animals belonging to the species listed in Annex I may only be used in procedures where those animals have been bred for use in procedures.
However, from the dates set out in Annex II, Member States shall ensure that non-human primates listed therein may be used in procedures only where they are the offspring of non-human primates which have been bred in captivity or where they are sourced from self-sustaining colonies.
For the purposes of this Article a "self-sustaining colony" means a colony in which animals are bred only within the colony or sourced from other colonies but not taken from the wild, and where the animals are kept in a way that ensures that they are accustomed to humans.
The Commission shall, in consultation with the Member States and stakeholders, conduct a feasibility study, which shall include an animal health and welfare assessment, of the requirement laid down in the second subparagraph. The study shall be published no later than 10 November 2017. It shall be accompanied, where appropriate, by proposals for amendments to Annex II.
2. The Commission shall keep under review the use of sourcing non-human primates from self-sustaining colonies and, in consultation with the Member States and stakeholders, conduct a study to analyse the feasibility of sourcing animals only from self-sustaining colonies.
The study shall be published no later than 10 November 2022.
3. Competent authorities may grant exemptions from paragraph 1 on the basis of scientific justification.
Stray and feral animals of domestic species
1. Stray and feral animals of domestic species shall not be used in procedures.
2. The competent authorities may only grant exemptions from paragraph 1 subject to the following conditions:
(a) there is an essential need for studies concerning the health and welfare of the animals or serious threats to the environment or to human or animal health; and
(b) there is scientific justification to the effect that the purpose of the procedure can be achieved only by the use of a stray or a feral animal.
Procedures
1. Member States shall ensure that procedures are carried out in a user's establishment.
The competent authority may grant an exemption from the first subparagraph on the basis of scientific justification.
2. Procedures may be carried out only within the framework of a project.
Choice of methods
1. Without prejudice to national legislation prohibiting certain types of methods, Member States shall ensure that a procedure is not carried out if another method or testing strategy for obtaining the result sought, not entailing the use of a live animal, is recognised under the legislation of the Union.
2. In choosing between procedures, those which to the greatest extent meet the following requirements shall be selected:
(a) use the minimum number of animals;
(b) involve animals with the lowest capacity to experience pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm;
(c) cause the least pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm;
and are most likely to provide satisfactory results.
3. Death as the end-point of a procedure shall be avoided as far as possible and replaced by early and humane end-points. Where death as the end-point is unavoidable, the procedure shall be designed so as to:
(a) result in the deaths of as few animals as possible; and
(b) reduce the duration and intensity of suffering to the animal to the minimum possible and, as far as possible, ensure a painless death.
Anaesthesia
1. Member States shall ensure that, unless it is inappropriate, procedures are carried out under general or local anaesthesia, and that analgesia or another appropriate method is used to ensure that pain, suffering and distress are kept to a minimum.
Procedures that involve serious injuries that may cause severe pain shall not be carried out without anaesthesia.
2. When deciding on the appropriateness of using anaesthesia, the following shall be taken into account:
(a) whether anaesthesia is judged to be more traumatic to the animal than the procedure itself; and
(b) whether anaesthesia is incompatible with the purpose of the procedure.
3. Member States shall ensure that animals are not given any drug to stop or restrict their showing pain without an adequate level of anaesthesia or analgesia.
In these cases, a scientific justification shall be provided, accompanied by the details of the anaesthetic or analgesic regimen.
4. An animal, which may suffer pain once anaesthesia has worn off, shall be treated with pre-emptive and post-operative analgesics or other appropriate pain-relieving methods provided that it is compatible with the purpose of the procedure.
5. As soon as the purpose of the procedure has been achieved appropriate action shall be taken to minimise the suffering of the animal.
Classification of severity of procedures
1. Member States shall ensure that all procedures are classified as "non-recovery", "mild", "moderate", or "severe" on a case-by-case basis using the assignment criteria set out in Annex VIII.
2. Subject to the use of the safeguard clause in Article 55(3), Member States shall ensure that a procedure is not performed if it involves severe pain, suffering or distress that is likely to be long-lasting and cannot be ameliorated.
Reuse
1. Member States shall ensure that an animal already used in one or more procedures, when a different animal on which no procedure has previously been carried out could also be used, may only be reused in a new procedure provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the actual severity of the previous procedures was "mild" or "moderate";
(b) it is demonstrated that the animal's general state of health and well-being has been fully restored;
(c) the further procedure is classified as "mild", "moderate" or "non-recovery"; and
(d) it is in accordance with veterinary advice, taking into account the lifetime experience of the animal.
2. In exceptional circumstances, by way of derogation from point (a) of paragraph 1 and after a veterinary examination of the animal, the competent authority may allow reuse of an animal, provided the animal has not been used more than once in a procedure entailing severe pain, distress or equivalent suffering.
End of the procedure
1. A procedure shall be deemed to end when no further observations are to be made for that procedure or, as regards new genetically modified animal lines, when the progeny are no longer observed or expected to experience pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by the introduction of a needle.
2. At the end of a procedure, a decision to keep an animal alive shall be taken by a veterinarian or by another competent person. An animal shall be killed when it is likely to remain in moderate or severe pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm.
3. Where an animal is to be kept alive, it shall receive care and accommodation appropriate to its state of health.
Sharing organs and tissues
Member States shall facilitate, where appropriate, the establishment of programmes for the sharing of organs and tissues of animals killed.
Setting free of animals and rehoming
Member States may allow animals used or intended to be used in procedures to be rehomed, or returned to a suitable habitat or husbandry system appropriate to the species, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the state of health of the animal allows it;
(b) there is no danger to public health, animal health or the environment; and
(c) appropriate measures have been taken to safeguard the well-being of the animal.
REQUIREMENTS FOR BREEDERS, SUPPLIERS AND USERS
Authorisation of breeders, suppliers and users
1. Member States shall ensure that all breeders, suppliers and users are authorised by, and registered with, the competent authority. Such authorisation may be granted for a limited period.
Authorisation shall be granted only if the breeder, supplier or user and its establishment is in compliance with the requirements of this Directive.
2. The authorisation shall specify the person responsible for ensuring compliance with the provisions of this Directive and the person or persons referred to in Article 24(1) and in Article 25.
3. Renewal of the authorisation shall be required for any significant change to the structure or the function of an establishment of a breeder, supplier or user that could negatively affect animal welfare.
4. Member States shall ensure that the competent authority is notified of any changes of the person or persons referred to in paragraph 2.
Suspension and withdrawal of authorisation
1. Where a breeder, supplier or user no longer complies with the requirements set out in this Directive, the competent authority shall take appropriate remedial action, or require such action to be taken, or suspend or withdraw its authorisation.
2. Member States shall ensure that, where the authorisation is suspended or withdrawn, the welfare of the animals housed in the establishment is not adversely affected.
Requirements for installations and equipment
1. Member States shall ensure that all establishments of a breeder, supplier or user have installations and equipment suited to the species of animals housed and, where procedures are carried out, to the performance of the procedures.
2. The design, construction and method of functioning of the installations and equipment referred to in paragraph 1 shall ensure that the procedures are carried out as effectively as possible, and aim at obtaining reliable results using the minimum number of animals and causing the minimum degree of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm.
3. For the purposes of implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2, Member States shall ensure that the relevant requirements as set out in Annex III are complied with.
Competence of personnel
1. Member States shall ensure that each breeder, supplier and user has sufficient staff on site.
2. The staff shall be adequately educated and trained before they perform any of the following functions:
(a) carrying out procedures on animals;
(b) designing procedures and projects;
(c) taking care of animals; or
(d) killing animals.
Persons carrying out the functions referred to in point (b) shall have received instruction in a scientific discipline relevant to the work being undertaken and shall have species-specific knowledge.
Staff carrying out functions referred to in points (a), (c) or (d) shall be supervised in the performance of their tasks until they have demonstrated the requisite competence.
Member States shall ensure, through authorisation or by other means, that the requirements laid down in this paragraph are fulfilled.
3. Member States shall publish, on the basis of the elements set out in Annex V, minimum requirements with regard to education and training and the requirements for obtaining, maintaining and demonstrating requisite competence for the functions set out in paragraph 2.
4. Non-binding guidelines at the level of the Union on the requirements laid down in paragraph 2 may be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 56(2).
Specific requirements for personnel
1. Member States shall ensure that each breeder, supplier and user has one or several persons on site who shall:
(a) be responsible for overseeing the welfare and care of the animals in the establishment;
(b) ensure that the staff dealing with animals have access to information specific to the species housed in the establishment;
(c) be responsible for ensuring that the staff are adequately educated, competent and continuously trained and that they are supervised until they have demonstrated the requisite competence.
2. Member States shall ensure that persons specified in Article 40(2)(b) shall:
(a) ensure that any unnecessary pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that is being inflicted on an animal in the course of a procedure is stopped; and
(b) ensure that the projects are carried out in accordance with the project authorisation or, in the cases referred to in Article 42, in accordance with the application sent to the competent authority or any decision taken by the competent authority, and ensure that in the event of non-compliance, the appropriate measures to rectify it are taken and recorded.
Designated veterinarian
Member States shall ensure that each breeder, supplier and user has a designated veterinarian with expertise in laboratory animal medicine, or a suitably qualified expert where more appropriate, charged with advisory duties in relation to the well-being and treatment of the animals.
Animal-welfare body
1. Member States shall ensure that each breeder, supplier and user sets up an animal-welfare body.
2. The animal-welfare body shall include at least the person or persons responsible for the welfare and care of the animals and, in the case of a user, a scientific member. The animal-welfare body shall also receive input from the designated veterinarian or the expert referred to in Article 25.
3. Member States may allow small breeders, suppliers and users to fulfil the tasks laid down in Article 27(1) by other means.
Tasks of the animal-welfare body
1. The animal-welfare body shall, as a minimum, carry out the following tasks:
(a) advise the staff dealing with animals on matters related to the welfare of animals, in relation to their acquisition, accommodation, care and use;
(b) advise the staff on the application of the requirement of replacement, reduction and refinement, and keep it informed of technical and scientific developments concerning the application of that requirement;
(c) establish and review internal operational processes as regards monitoring, reporting and follow-up in relation to the welfare of animals housed or used in the establishment;
(d) follow the development and outcome of projects, taking into account the effect on the animals used, and identify and advise as regards elements that further contribute to replacement, reduction and refinement; and
(e) advise on rehoming schemes, including the appropriate socialisation of the animals to be rehomed.
2. Member States shall ensure that the records of any advice given by the animal-welfare body and decisions taken regarding that advice are kept for at least 3 years.
The records shall be made available to the competent authority upon request.
Breeding strategy for non-human primates
Member States shall ensure that breeders of non-human primates have a strategy in place for increasing the proportion of animals that are the offspring of non-human primates that have been bred in captivity.
Scheme for rehoming or setting free of animals
Where Member States allow rehoming, the breeders, suppliers and users from which animals are intended to be rehomed shall have a rehoming scheme in place that ensures socialisation of the animals that are rehomed. In the case of wild animals, where appropriate, a programme of rehabilitation shall be in place before they are returned to their habitat.
Animal records
1. Member States shall ensure that all breeders, suppliers and users keep records of at least the following:
(a) the number and the species of animals bred, acquired, supplied, used in procedures, set-free or rehomed;
(b) the origin of the animals, including whether they are bred for use in procedures;
(c) the dates on which the animals are acquired, supplied, released or rehomed;
(d) from whom the animals are acquired;
(e) the name and address of the recipient of animals;
(f) the number and species of animals which died or were killed in each establishment. For animals that have died, the cause of death shall, when known, be noted; and
(g) in the case of users, the projects in which animals are used.
2. The records referred to in paragraph 1 shall be kept for a minimum of 5 years and made available to the competent authority upon request.
Information on dogs, cats and non-human primates
1. Member States shall ensure that all breeders, suppliers and users keep the following information on each dog, cat and non-human primate:
(a) identity;
(b) place and date of birth, when available;
(c) whether it is bred for use in procedures; and
(d) in the case of a non-human primate, whether it is the offspring of non-human primates that have been bred in captivity.
2. Each dog, cat and non-human primate shall have an individual history file, which follows the animal as long as it is kept for the purposes of this Directive.
The file shall be established at birth or as soon as possible thereafter and shall cover any relevant reproductive, veterinary and social information on the individual animal and the projects in which it has been used.
3. The information referred to in this Article shall be kept for a minimum of 3 years after the death or rehoming of the animal and shall be made available to the competent authority upon request.
In the case of rehoming, relevant veterinary care and social information from the individual history file referred to in paragraph 2 shall accompany the animal.
Marking and identification of dogs,
cats and non-human primates
1. Each dog, cat or non-human primate shall be provided, at the latest at the time of weaning, with a permanent individual identification mark in the least painful manner possible.
2. Where a dog, cat or non-human primate is transferred from one breeder, supplier or user to another before it is weaned, and it is not practicable to mark it beforehand, a record, specifying in particular its mother, must be maintained by the receiver until it is marked.
3. Where an unmarked dog, cat or non-human primate, which is weaned, is received by a breeder, supplier or user it shall be permanently marked as soon as possible and in the least painful manner possible.
4. The breeder, supplier and user shall provide, at the request of the competent authority, reasons for which the animal is unmarked.
Care and accommodation
1. Member States shall, as far as the care and accommodation of animals is concerned, ensure that:
(a) all animals are provided with accommodation, an environment, food, water and care which are appropriate to their health and well-being;
(b) any restrictions on the extent to which an animal can satisfy its physiological and etiological needs are kept to a minimum;
(c) the environmental conditions in which animals are bred, kept or used are checked daily;
(d) arrangements are made to ensure that any defect or avoidable pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm discovered is eliminated as quickly as possible; and
(e) animals are transported under appropriate conditions.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that the care and accommodation standards set out in Annex III are applied from the dates provided for therein.
3. Member States may allow exemptions from the requirements of paragraph 1(a) or paragraph 2 for scientific, animal-welfare or animal-health reasons.
INSPECTIONS
Inspections by the Member States
1. Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities carry out regular inspections of all breeders, suppliers and users, including their establishments, to verify compliance with the requirements of this Directive.
2. The competent authority shall adapt the frequency of inspections on the basis of a risk analysis for each establishment, taking account of:
(a) the number and species of animals housed;
(b) the record of the breeder, supplier or user in complying with the requirements of this Directive;
(c) the number and types of projects carried out by the user in question; and
(d) any information that might indicate non-compliance.
3. Inspections shall be carried out on at least one third of the users each year in accordance with the risk analysis referred to in paragraph 2. However, breeders, suppliers and users of non-human primates shall be inspected at least once a year.
4. An appropriate proportion of the inspections shall be carried out without prior warning.
5. Records of all inspections shall be kept for at least 5 years.
Controls of Member State inspections
1. The Commission shall, when there is due reason for concern, taking into account, inter alia, the proportion of inspections carried out without prior warning, undertake controls of the infrastructure and operation of national inspections in Member States.
2. The Member State in the territory of which the control referred to in paragraph 1 is being carried out shall give all necessary assistance to the experts of the Commission in carrying out their duties. The Commission shall inform the competent authority of the Member State concerned of the results of the control.
3. The competent authority of the Member State concerned shall take measures to take account of the results of the control referred to in paragraph 1.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROJECTS
Project authorisation
1. Member States shall ensure, without prejudice to Article 42, that projects are not carried out without prior authorisation from the competent authority, and that projects are carried out in accordance with the authorisation or, in the cases referred to in Article 42, in accordance with the application sent to the competent authority or any decision taken by the competent authority.
2. Member States shall ensure that no project is carried out unless a favourable project evaluation by the competent authority has been received in accordance with Article 38.
Application for project authorisation
1. Member States shall ensure that an application for project authorisation is submitted by the user or the person responsible for the project. The application shall include at least the following:
(a) the project proposal;
(b) a non-technical project summary; and
(c) information on the elements set out in Annex VI.
2. Member States may waive the requirement in paragraph 1(b) for projects referred to in Article 42(1).
Project evaluation
1. The project evaluation shall be performed with a degree of detail appropriate for the type of project and shall verify that the project meets the following criteria:
(a) the project is justified from a scientific or educational point of view or required by law;
(b) the purposes of the project justify the use of animals; and
(c) the project is designed so as to enable procedures to be carried out in the most humane and environmentally sensitive manner possible.
2. The project evaluation shall consist in particular of the following:
(a) an evaluation of the objectives of the project, the predicted scientific benefits or educational value;
(b) an assessment of the compliance of the project with the requirement of replacement, reduction and refinement;
(c) an assessment and assignment of the classification of the severity of procedures;
(d) a harm-benefit analysis of the project, to assess whether the harm to the animals in terms of suffering, pain and distress is justified by the expected outcome taking into account ethical considerations, and may ultimately benefit human beings, animals or the environment;
(e) an assessment of any justification referred to in Articles 6 to 12, 14, 16 and 33; and
(f) a determination as to whether and when the project should be assessed retrospectively.
3. The competent authority carrying out the project evaluation shall consider expertise in particular in the following areas:
(a) the areas of scientific use for which animals will be used including replacement, reduction and refinement in the respective areas;
(b) experimental design, including statistics where appropriate;
(c) veterinary practice in laboratory animal science or wildlife veterinary practice where appropriate;
(d) animal husbandry and care, in relation to the species that are intended to be used.
4. The project evaluation process shall be transparent.
Subject to safeguarding intellectual property and confidential information, the project evaluation shall be performed in an impartial manner and may integrate the opinion of independent parties.
Retrospective assessment
1. Member States shall ensure that when determined in accordance with Article 38(2)(f), the retrospective assessment shall be carried out by the competent authority which shall, on the basis of the necessary documentation submitted by the user, evaluate the following:
(a) whether the objectives of the project were achieved;
(b) the harm inflicted on animals, including the numbers and species of animals used, and the severity of the procedures; and
(c) any elements that may contribute to the further implementation of the requirement of replacement, reduction and refinement.
2. All projects using non-human primates and projects involving procedures classified as "severe", including those referred to in Article 15(2), shall undergo a retrospective assessment.
3. Without prejudice to paragraph 2 and by way of derogation from Article 38(2)(f), Member States may exempt projects involving only procedures classified as "mild" or "non-recovery" from the requirement for a retrospective assessment.
Granting of project authorisation
1. The project authorisation shall be limited to procedures which have been subject to:
(a) a project evaluation; and
(b) the severity classifications assigned to those procedures.
2. The project authorisation shall specify the following:
(a) the user who undertakes the project;
(b) the persons responsible for the overall implementation of the project and its compliance with the project authorisation;
(c) the establishments in which the project will be undertaken, where applicable; and
(d) any specific conditions following the project evaluation, including whether and when the project shall be assessed retrospectively.
3. Project authorisations shall be granted for a period not exceeding 5 years.
4. Member States may allow the authorisation of multiple generic projects carried out by the same user if such projects are to satisfy regulatory requirements or if such projects use animals for production or diagnostic purposes with established methods.
Authorisation decisions
1. Member States shall ensure that the decision regarding authorisation is taken and communicated to the applicant 40 working days at the latest from the receipt of the complete and correct application. This period shall include the project evaluation.
2. When justified by the complexity or the multi-disciplinary nature of the project, the competent authority may extend the period referred to in paragraph 1 once, by an additional period not exceeding 15 working days. The extension and its duration shall be duly motivated and shall be notified to the applicant before the expiry of the period referred to in paragraph 1.
3. Competent authorities shall acknowledge to the applicant all applications for authorisations as quickly as possible, and shall indicate the period referred to in paragraph 1 within which the decision is to be taken.
4. In the case of an incomplete or incorrect application, the competent authority shall, as quickly as possible, inform the applicant of the need to supply any additional documentation and of any possible effects on the running of the applicable time period.
Simplified administrative procedure
1. Member States may decide to introduce a simplified administrative procedure for projects containing procedures classified as "non-recovery", "mild" or "moderate" and not using non-human primates, that are necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, or which use animals for production or diagnostic purposes with established methods.
2. When introducing a simplified administrative procedure, Member States shall ensure that the following provisions are met:
(a) the application specifies elements referred to in Article 40(2)(a), (b) and (c);
(b) a project evaluation is performed in accordance with Article 38; and
(c) that the period referred to in Article 41(1) is not exceeded.
3. If a project is changed in a way that may have a negative impact on animal welfare, Member States shall require an additional project evaluation with a favourable outcome.
4. Article 40(3) and (4), Article 41(3) and Article 44(3), (4) and (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to projects that are allowed to be carried out in accordance with this Article.
Non-technical project summaries
1. Subject to safeguarding intellectual property and confidential information, the non-technical project summary shall provide the following:
(a) information on the objectives of the project, including the predicted harm and benefits and the number and types of animals to be used;
(b) a demonstration of compliance with the requirement of replacement, reduction and refinement.
The non-technical project summary shall be anonymous and shall not contain the names and addresses of the user and its personnel.
2. Member States may require the non-technical project summary to specify whether a project is to undergo a retrospective assessment and, if so, set out the deadline. In such a case, from 1 January 2021, Member States shall ensure that the non-technical project summary is updated within six months of the completion of the retrospective assessment with the results thereof.
3. Member States shall, until 31 December 2020, publish the non-technical project summaries of authorised projects and any updates thereto. From 1 January 2021, Member States shall submit for publication the non-technical project summaries, at the latest within six months of authorisation, and any updates thereto, by electronic transfer to the Commission.
4. The Commission shall, by means of implementing acts, establish a common format for submitting the information referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 56(3). The Commission services shall establish and maintain a searchable, open access database on non-technical project summaries and any updates thereto.
Amendment, renewal and withdrawal
of a project authorisation
1. Member States shall ensure that amendment or renewal of the project authorisation is required for any change of the project that may have a negative impact on animal welfare.
2. Any amendment or renewal of a project authorisation shall be subject to a further favourable outcome of the project evaluation.
3. The competent authority may withdraw the project authorisation where the project is not carried out in accordance with the project authorisation.
4. Where a project authorisation is withdrawn, the welfare of the animals used or intended to be used in the project must not be adversely affected.
5. Member States shall establish and publish conditions for amendment and renewal of project authorisations.
Documentation
1. Member States shall ensure that all relevant documentation, including project authorisations and the result of the project evaluation is kept for at least 3 years from the expiry date of the authorisation of the project or from the expiry of the period referred to in Article 41(1) and shall be available to the competent authority.
2. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, the documentation for projects which have to undergo retrospective assessment shall be kept until the retrospective assessment has been completed.
AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
Avoidance of duplication of procedures
Each Member State shall accept data from other Member States that are generated by procedures recognised by the legislation of the Union, unless further procedures need to be carried out regarding that data for the protection of public health, safety or the environment.
Alternative approaches
1. The Commission and the Member States shall contribute to the development and validation of alternative approaches which could provide the same or higher levels of information as those obtained in procedures using animals, but which do not involve the use of animals or use fewer animals or which entail less painful procedures, and they shall take such other steps as they consider appropriate to encourage research in this field.
2. Member States shall assist the Commission in identifying and nominating suitable specialised and qualified laboratories to carry out such validation studies.
3. After consulting the Member States, the Commission shall set the priorities for those validation studies and allocate the tasks between the laboratories for carrying out those studies.
4. Member States shall, at national level, ensure the promotion of alternative approaches and the dissemination of information thereon.
5. Member States shall nominate a single point of contact to provide advice on the regulatory relevance and suitability of alternative approaches proposed for validation.
6. The Commission shall take appropriate action with a view to obtaining international acceptance of alternative approaches validated in the Union.
Union Reference Laboratory
1. The Union Reference Laboratory and its duties and tasks shall be those referred to in Annex VII.
2. The Union Reference Laboratory may collect charges for the services it provides that do not directly contribute to the further advancement of replacement, reduction and refinement.
3. Detailed rules necessary for the implementation of paragraph 2 of this Article and Annex VII may be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 56(3).
National committees for the protection of animals used
for scientific purposes
1. Each Member State shall establish a national committee for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. It shall advise the competent authorities and animal-welfare bodies on matters dealing with the acquisition, breeding, accommodation, care and use of animals in procedures and ensure sharing of best practice.
2. The national committees referred to in paragraph 1 shall exchange information on the operation of animal-welfare bodies and project evaluation and share best practice within the Union.
Adaptation of Annexes to technical progress
In order to ensure that the provisions of Annexes I and III to VIII reflect the state of technical or scientific progress, taking into account the experience gained in the implementation of this Directive, in particular through the reporting referred to in Article 54(1), the Commission may adopt, by means of delegated acts in accordance with Article 51 and subject to the conditions laid down in Articles 52 and 53, modifications of those Annexes, with the exception of provisions of Sections I and II of Annex VIII. The dates referred to in Section B of Annex III shall not be brought forward. When adopting such delegated acts, the Commission shall act in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Directive.
Exercise of the delegation
1. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 50 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of 8 years beginning on 9 November 2010. The Commission shall make a report in respect of the delegated power at the latest 12 months before the end of the 8-year period. The delegation of power shall be automatically extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council revokes it in accordance with Article 52.
2. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.
3. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in Articles 52 and 53.
Revocation of the delegation
1. The delegation of power referred to in Article 50 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.
2. The institution which has commenced an internal procedure for deciding whether to revoke the delegation of power shall endeavour to inform the other institution and the Commission within a reasonable time before the final decision is taken, indicating the delegated power which could be subject to revocation and possible reasons for a revocation.
3. The decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect immediately or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of the delegated acts already in force. It shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Objections to delegated acts
1. The European Parliament or the Council may object to a delegated act within a period of 2 months from the date of notification.
At the initiative of the European Parliament or the Council this period shall be extended by 2 months.
2. If, on expiry of that period, neither the European Parliament nor the Council has objected to the delegated act, it shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union and shall enter into force at the date stated therein.
The delegated act may be published in the Official Journal of the European Union and enter into force before the expiry of that period if the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission of their intention not to raise objections.
3. If the European Parliament or the Council objects to a delegated act, it shall not enter into force. The institution which objects shall state the reasons for objecting to the delegated act.
Information on implementation and provision of statistical
data
1. Member States shall by 10 November 2023, and every five years thereafter, send the information on the implementation of this Directive and in particular of Article 10(1) and Articles 26, 28, 34, 38, 39, 43 and 46 to the Commission.
Member States shall submit and publish that data, by electronic transfer in a format established by the Commission in accordance with paragraph 4.
No later than six months after the submission by Member States of the data referred to in the second subparagraph, the Commission services shall publish and regularly update a Union-wide overview on the basis of that data.
2. Member States shall collect and make publicly available, on an annual basis, statistical information on the use of animals in procedures, including information on the actual severity of the procedures and on the origin and species of non-human primates used in procedures.
Member States shall submit that statistical information to the Commission, at the latest by 10 November of the following year, by electronic transfer, in a non-summarised format established by the Commission in accordance with paragraph 4.
The Commission shall establish and maintain a searchable, open access database containing that statistical information. On an annual basis, the Commission services shall make publicly available the statistical information submitted by the Member States in accordance with this paragraph and a summary report thereof.
3. Member States shall submit to the Commission, on annual basis, detailed information on exemptions granted under Article 6(4)(a).
4. The Commission shall, by means of implementing acts, establish a common format and information content for submitting the information referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 56(3).
Safeguard clauses
1. Where a Member State has scientifically justifiable grounds for believing it is essential to use non-human primates for the purposes referred to in Article 8(1)(a)(i) with regard to human beings, but where the use is not undertaken with a view to the avoidance, prevention, diagnosis or treatment of debilitating or potentially life-threatening clinical conditions, it may adopt a provisional measure allowing such use, provided the purpose cannot be achieved by the use of species other than non-human primates.
2. Where a Member State has justifiable grounds for believing that action is essential for the preservation of the species or in relation to an unexpected outbreak of a life-threatening or debilitating clinical condition in human beings, it may adopt a provisional measure allowing the use of great apes in procedures having one of the purposes referred to in points (b)(i), (c) or (e) of Article 5; provided that the purpose of the procedure cannot be achieved by the use of species other than great apes or by the use of alternative methods. However, the reference to Article 5(b)(i) shall not be taken to include the reference to animals and plants.
3. Where, for exceptional and scientifically justifiable reasons, a Member State deems it necessary to allow the use of a procedure involving severe pain, suffering or distress that is likely to be long-lasting and cannot be ameliorated, as referred to in Article 15(2), it may adopt a provisional measure to allow such procedure. Member States may decide not to allow the use of non-human primates in such procedures.
4. A Member State which has adopted a provisional measure in accordance with paragraph 1, 2 or 3 shall immediately inform the Commission and the other Member States thereof, giving reasons for its decision and submitting evidence of the situation as described in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 on which the provisional measure is based.
The Commission shall put the matter before the Committee referred to in Article 56(1) within 30 days of receipt of the information from the Member State and shall, in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 56(3), either:
(a) authorise the provisional measure for a time period defined in the decision; or
(b) require the Member State to revoke the provisional measure.
Committee
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 3 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at 3 months.
Review
The Commission shall review this Directive by 10 November 2017, taking into account advancements in the development of alternative methods not entailing the use of animals, in particular of non-human primates, and shall propose amendments, where appropriate.
The Commission shall, where appropriate, and in consultation with the Member States and stakeholders, conduct periodic thematic reviews of the replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of animals in procedures, paying specific attention to non-human primates, technological developments, and new scientific and animal-welfare knowledge.
Competent authorities
1. Each Member State shall designate one or more competent authorities responsible for the implementation of this Directive.
Member States may designate bodies other than public authorities for the implementation of specific tasks laid down in this Directive only if there is proof that the body:
(a) has the expertise and infrastructure required to carry out the tasks; and
(b) is free of any conflict of interests as regards the performance of the tasks.
Bodies thus designated shall be considered competent authorities for the purposes of this Directive.
2. Each Member State shall communicate details of a national authority serving as contact point for the purposes of this Directive to the Commission by 10 February 2011, as well as any update to such data.
The Commission shall make publicly available the list of those contact points.
Penalties
Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by 10 February 2013, and shall notify the Commission without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.
Transposition
1. Member States shall adopt and publish, by 10 November 2012, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions.
They shall apply those provisions from 1 January 2013.
When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The method of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Repeal
1. Directive 86/609/EEC is repealed with effect from 1 January 2013 with the exception of Article 13, which shall be repealed with effect from 10 May 2013.
2. References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive.
Amendment of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009
Point (a)(iv) of Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 is replaced by the following:
"(iv) animals used in a procedure or procedures defined in Article 3 of Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes <*>, in cases where the competent authority decides that such animals or any of their body parts have the potential to pose serious health risks to humans or to other animals, as a result of that procedure or those procedures without prejudice to Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 276, 20.10.2010, p. 33".
Transitional provisions
1. Member States shall not apply laws, regulations and administrative provisions adopted in accordance with Articles 36 to 45 to projects which have been approved before 1 January 2013 and the duration of which does not extend beyond 1 January 2018.
2. Projects which have been approved before 1 January 2013 and the duration of which extends beyond 1 January 2018 shall obtain project authorisation by 1 January 2018.
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Strasbourg, 22 September 2010.
LIST
OF ANIMALS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 10
1. Mouse (Mus musculus)
2. Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
3. Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
4. Syrian (golden) hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
5. Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
6. Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
7. Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
8. Dog (Canis familiaris)
9. Cat (Felis catus)
10. All species of non-human primates
11. Frog (Xenopus (laevis, tropicalis), Rana (temporaria, pipiens))
12. Zebra fish (Danio rerio)
LIST
OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES AND DATES REFERRED
TO IN THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 10(1)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR ESTABLISHMENTS AND FOR THE CARE
AND ACCOMMODATION OF ANIMALS
(a) All facilities shall be constructed so as to provide an environment which takes into account the physiological and ethological needs of the species kept in them. Facilities shall also be designed and managed to prevent access by unauthorised persons and the ingress or escape of animals.
(b) Establishments shall have an active maintenance programme to prevent and remedy any defect in buildings or equipment.
(a) Establishments shall have a regular and efficient cleaning schedule for the rooms and shall maintain satisfactory hygienic standards.
(b) Walls and floors shall be surfaced with a material resistant to the heavy wear and tear caused by the animals and the cleaning process. The material shall not be detrimental to the health of the animals and shall be such that the animals cannot hurt themselves. Additional protection shall be given to any equipment or fixtures so that they are not damaged by the animals nor do they cause injury to the animals themselves.
(c) Species that are incompatible, for example predator and prey, or animals requiring different environmental conditions, shall not be housed in the same room nor, in the case of predator and prey, within sight, smell or sound of each other.
(a) Establishments shall, where appropriate, have available laboratory facilities for the carrying out of simple diagnostic tests, post-mortem examinations, and/or the collection of samples that are to be subjected to more extensive laboratory investigations elsewhere. General and special purpose procedure rooms shall be available for situations where it is undesirable to carry out the procedures or observations in the holding rooms.
(b) Facilities shall be provided to enable newly-acquired animals to be isolated until their health status can be determined and the potential health risk to established animals assessed and minimised.
(c) There shall be accommodation for the separate housing of sick or injured animals.
(a) Store-rooms shall be designed, used and maintained to safeguard the quality of food and bedding. These rooms shall be vermin and insect-proof, as far as possible. Other materials, which may be contaminated or present a hazard to animals or staff, shall be stored separately.
(b) The cleaning and washing areas shall be large enough to accommodate the installations necessary to decontaminate and clean used equipment. The cleaning process shall be arranged so as to separate the flow of clean and dirty equipment to prevent the contamination of newly-cleaned equipment.
(c) Establishments shall provide for the hygienic storage and safe disposal of carcasses and animal waste.
(d) Where surgical procedures under aseptic conditions are required there shall be provision for one or more than one suitably equipped room, and facilities provided for post-operative recovery.
(a) Insulation, heating and ventilation of the holding room shall ensure that the air circulation, dust levels, and gas concentrations are kept within limits that are not harmful to the animals housed.
(b) Temperature and relative humidity in the holding rooms shall be adapted to the species and age groups housed. The temperature shall be measured and logged on a daily basis.
(c) Animals shall not be restricted to outdoor areas under climatic conditions which may cause them distress.
(a) Where natural light does not provide an appropriate light/dark cycle, controlled lighting shall be provided to satisfy the biological requirements of the animals and to provide a satisfactory working environment.
(b) Illumination shall satisfy the needs for the performance of husbandry procedures and inspection of the animals.
(c) Regular photoperiods and intensity of light adapted to the species shall be provided.
(d) When keeping albino animals, the lighting shall be adjusted to take into account their sensitivity to light.
(a) Noise levels including ultrasound, shall not adversely affect animal welfare.
(b) Establishments shall have alarm systems that sound outside the sensitive hearing range of the animals, where this does not conflict with their audibility to human beings.
(c) Holding rooms shall where appropriate be provided with noise insulation and absorption materials.
(a) Establishments relying on electrical or mechanical equipment for environmental control and protection, shall have a stand-by system to maintain essential services and emergency lighting systems as well as to ensure that alarm systems themselves do not fail to operate.
(b) Heating and ventilation systems shall be equipped with monitoring devices and alarms.
(c) Clear instructions on emergency procedures shall be prominently displayed.
(a) Establishments shall have a strategy in place to ensure that a health status of the animals is maintained that safeguards animal welfare and meets scientific requirements. This strategy shall include regular health monitoring, a microbiological surveillance programme and plans for dealing with health breakdowns and shall define health parameters and procedures for the introduction of new animals.
(b) Animals shall be checked at least daily by a competent person. These checks shall ensure that all sick or injured animals are identified and appropriate action is taken.
(a) Transport containers and means of transport adapted to the species concerned shall be available at capture sites, in case animals need to be moved for examination or treatment.
(b) Special consideration shall be given and appropriate measures taken for the acclimatisation, quarantine, housing, husbandry, care of animals taken from the wild and, as appropriate, provisions for setting them free at the end of procedures.
(a) Housing
Animals, except those which are naturally solitary, shall be socially housed in stable groups of compatible individuals. In cases where single housing is allowed in accordance with article 33(3) the duration shall be limited to the minimum period necessary and visual, auditory, olfactory and/or tactile contact shall be maintained. The introduction or re-introduction of animals to established groups shall be carefully monitored to avoid problems of incompatibility and disrupted social relationships.
(b) Enrichment
All animals shall be provided with space of sufficient complexity to allow expression of a wide range of normal behaviour. They shall be given a degree of control and choice over their environment to reduce stress-induced behaviour. Establishments shall have appropriate enrichment techniques in place, to extend the range of activities available to the animals and increase their coping activities including physical exercise, foraging, manipulative and cognitive activities, as appropriate to the species. Environmental enrichment in animal enclosures shall be adapted to the species and individual needs of the animals concerned. The enrichment strategies in establishments shall be regularly reviewed and updated.
(c) Animal enclosures
Animal enclosures shall not be made out of materials detrimental to the health of the animals. Their design and construction shall be such that no injury to the animals is caused. Unless they are disposable, they shall be made from materials that will withstand cleaning and decontamination techniques. The design of animal enclosure floors shall be adapted to the species and age of the animals and be designed to facilitate the removal of excreta.
(a) The form, content and presentation of the diet shall meet the nutritional and behavioural needs of the animal.
(b) The animals' diet shall be palatable and non-contaminated. In the selection of raw materials, production, preparation and presentation of feed, establishments shall take measures to minimise chemical, physical and microbiological contamination.
(c) Packing, transport and storage shall be such as to avoid contamination, deterioration or destruction. All feed hoppers, troughs or other utensils used for feeding shall be regularly cleaned and, if necessary, sterilised.
(d) Each animal shall be able to access the food, with sufficient feeding space provided to limit competition.
(a) Uncontaminated drinking water shall always be available to all animals.
(b) When automatic watering systems are used, they shall be regularly checked, serviced and flushed to avoid accidents. If solid-bottomed cages are used, care shall be taken to minimise the risk of flooding.
(c) Provision shall be made to adapt the water supply for aquaria and tanks to the needs and tolerance limits of the individual fish, amphibian and reptile species.
(a) Bedding materials or sleeping structures adapted to the species shall always be provided, including nesting materials or structures for breeding animals.
(b) Within the animal enclosure, as appropriate to the species, a solid, comfortable resting area for all animals shall be provided. All sleeping areas shall be kept clean and dry.
Establishments shall set up habituation and training programmes suitable for the animals, the procedures and length of the project.
In this and subsequent tables for mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters and guinea pigs, "enclosure height" means the vertical distance between the enclosure floor and the top of the enclosure and this height applies over more than 50% of the minimum enclosure floor area prior to the addition of enrichment devices.
When designing procedures, consideration shall be given to the potential growth of the animals to ensure adequate space is provided (as detailed in Tables 1.1 to 1.5) for the duration of the study.
Mice
--------------------------------
<*> Post-weaned mice may be kept at these higher stocking densities for the short period after weaning until issue, provided that the animals are housed in larger enclosures with adequate enrichment, and these housing conditions do not cause any welfare deficit such as increased levels of aggression, morbidity or mortality, stereotypes and other behavioural deficits, weight loss, or other physiological or behavioural stress responses.
Rats
--------------------------------
<*> In long-term studies, if space allowances per individual animal fall below those indicated above towards the end of such studies, priority shall be given to maintaining stable social structures.
<**> Post-weaned rats may be kept at these higher stocking densities for the short period after weaning until issue, provided that the animals are housed in larger enclosures with adequate enrichment, and these housing conditions do not cause any welfare deficit such as increased levels of aggression, morbidity or mortality, stereotypes and other behavioural deficits, weight loss, or other physiological or behavioural stress responses.
Gerbils
Hamsters
--------------------------------
<*> Post-weaned hamsters may be kept at these higher stocking densities, for the short period after weaning until issue provided that the animals are housed in larger enclosures with adequate enrichment, and these housing conditions do not cause any welfare deficit such as increased levels of aggression, morbidity or mortality, stereotypes and other behavioural deficits, weight loss, or other physiological or behavioural stress responses.
Guinea pigs
During agricultural research, when the aim of the project requires that the animals are kept under similar conditions to those under which commercial farm animals are kept, the keeping of the animals shall at least follow the standards laid down in Directive 98/58/EC <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes (OJ L 221, 8.8.1998, p. 23).
A raised area shall be provided within the enclosure. This raised area must allow the animal to lie and sit and easily move underneath, and shall not cover more than 40% of the floor space. When for scientific or veterinary reasons a raised area cannot be used, the enclosure shall be 33% larger for a single rabbit and 60% larger for two rabbits. Where a raised area is provided for rabbits of less than 10 weeks of age, the size of the raised area shall be at least of 55 cm by 25 cm and the height above the floor shall be such that the animals can make use of it.
Rabbits over 10 weeks of age
Table 2.1 is to be used for both cages and pens. The additional floor area is as a minimum 3 000 cm2 per rabbit for the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth rabbit, while 2 500 cm2 as a minimum shall be added for each additional rabbit above a number of six.
Doe plus litter
Rabbits less than 10 weeks of age
Table 2.3 is to be used for both cages and pens.
Rabbits: optimal dimensions for raised areas for enclosures
having the dimensions indicated in Table 2.1
Cats shall not be single-housed for more than 24 hours at a time. Cats that are repeatedly aggressive towards other cats shall be housed singly only if a compatible companion cannot be found. Social stress in all pair- or group-housed individuals shall be monitored at least weekly. Females with kittens under four weeks of age or in the last two weeks of pregnancy may be housed singly.
Cats
The minimum space in which a queen and litter may be held is the space for a single cat, which shall be gradually increased so that by 4 months of age litters have been rehoused following the space requirements for adults.
Areas for feeding and for litter trays shall not be less than 0,5 metres apart and shall not be interchanged.
--------------------------------
<*> Floor area excluding shelves.
Dogs shall where possible be provided with outside runs. Dogs shall not be single-housed for more than 4 hours at a time.
The internal enclosure shall represent at least 50% of the minimum space to be made available to the dogs, as detailed in Table 4.1.
The space allowances detailed below are based on the requirements of beagles, but giant breeds such as St Bernards or Irish wolfhounds shall be provided with allowances significantly in excess of those detailed in Table 4.1. For breeds other than the laboratory beagle, space allowances shall be determined in consultation with veterinary staff.
Dogs
Dogs that are pair or group housed may each be constrained to half the total space provided (2 m2 for a dog under 20 kg, 4 m2 for a dog over 20 kg) while they are undergoing procedures as defined in this Directive, if this separation is essential for scientific purposes. The period for which a dog is so constrained shall not exceed 4 hours at a time.
A nursing bitch and litter shall have the same space allowance as a single bitch of equivalent weight. The whelping pen shall be designed so that the bitch can move to an additional compartment or raised area away from the puppies.
Dogs - post-weaned stock
Ferrets
Young non-human primates shall not be separated from their mothers until they are, depending on the species, 6 to 12 months old.
The environment shall enable non-human primates to carry out a complex daily programme of activity. The enclosure shall allow non-human primates to adopt as wide a behavioural repertoire as possible, provide it with a sense of security, and a suitably complex environment to allow the animal to run, walk, climb and jump.
Marmosets and tamarins
--------------------------------
<*> Animals shall be kept singly only in exceptional circumstances.
<**> The top of the enclosure shall be at least 1,8 m from the floor.
For marmosets and tamarins, separation from the mother shall not take place before 8 months of age.
Squirrel monkeys
--------------------------------
<*> Animals shall be kept singly only in exceptional circumstances.
For squirrel monkeys, separation from the mother shall not take place before 6 months of age.
Macaques and vervets <1>
--------------------------------
<1> Animals shall be kept singly only in exceptional circumstances.
<2> An enclosure of minimum dimensions may hold up to three animals.
<3> An enclosure of minimum dimensions may hold up to two animals.
<4> In breeding colonies no additional space/volume allowance is required for young animals up to 2 years of age housed with their mother.
For macaques and vervets, separation from the mother shall not take place before 8 months of age.
Baboons <*>
--------------------------------
<*> Animals shall be kept singly only in exceptional circumstances.
<**> An enclosure of minimum dimensions may hold up to 2 animals.
<***> In breeding colonies no additional space/volume allowance is required for young animals up to 2 years of age housed with their mothers.
For baboons, separation from the mother shall not take place before 8 months of age.
During agricultural research, when the aim of the project requires that the animals are kept under similar conditions to those under which commercial farm animals are kept, the keeping of the animals shall comply at least with the standards laid down in Directives 98/58/EC, 91/629/EEC <*> and 91/630/EEC <**>.
--------------------------------
<*> Council Directive 91/629/EEC of 19 November 1991 laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves (OJ L 340, 11.12.1991, p. 28).
<**> Council Directive 91/630/EEC of 19 November 1991 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs (OJ L 340, 11.12.1991, p. 33).
Cattle
Sheep and goats
Pigs and minipigs
--------------------------------
<*> Pigs may be confined in smaller enclosures for short periods of time, for example by partitioning the main enclosure using dividers, when justified on veterinary or experimental grounds, for example where individual food consumption is required.
Equines
The shortest side shall be a minimum of 1,5 times the wither height of the animal. The height of indoor enclosures shall allow animals to rear to their full height.
--------------------------------
<*> To ensure adequate space is provided, space allowances for each individual animal shall be based on height to withers (WH).
During agricultural research, when the aim of the project requires that the animals are kept under similar conditions to those under which commercial farm animals are kept, the keeping of the animals shall comply at least with the standards laid down in Directives 98/58/EC, 1999/74/EC <*> and 2007/43/EC <**>.
--------------------------------
<*> Council Directive 1999/74/EC of 19 July 1999 laying down minimum standards for the protection of laying hens (OJ L 203, 3.8.1999, p. 53).
<**> Council Directive 2007/43/EC of 28 June 2007 laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production (OJ L 182, 12.7.2007, p. 19).
Domestic fowl
Where these minimum enclosure sizes cannot be provided for scientific reasons, the duration of the confinement shall be justified by the experimenter in consultation with veterinary staff. In such circumstances, birds can be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment and with a minimum floor area of 0,75 m2.
Domestic turkeys
All enclosure sides shall be at least 1,5 m long. Where these minimum enclosures sizes cannot be provided for scientific reasons, the duration of the confinement shall be justified by the experimenter in consultation with veterinary staff. In such circumstances, birds can be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment and with a minimum floor area of 0,75 m2 and a minimum height of 50 cm for birds below 0,6 kg, 75 cm for birds below 4 kg, and 100 cm for birds over 4 kg. These can beused to house small groups of birds in accordance with the space allowances given in table 8.2.
Quails
Ducks and geese
Where these minimum enclosures sizes cannot be provided for scientific reasons, the duration of the confinement shall be justified by the experimenter in consultation with veterinary staff. In such circumstances, birds can be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment and with a minimum floor area of 0,75 m2. These can be used to house small groups of birds in accordance with the space allowances given in table 8.4.
--------------------------------
<*> This shall include a pond of minimum area 0,5 m2 per 2 m2 enclosure with a minimum depth of 30 cm. The pond may contribute up to 50% of the minimum enclosure size.
<**> Pre-fledged birds may be held in enclosures with a minimum height of 75 cm.
Ducks and geese: minimum pond sizes <*>
--------------------------------
<*> Pond sizes are per 2 m2 enclosure. The pond may contribute up to 50% of the minimum enclosure size.
Pigeons
Enclosures shall be long and narrow (for example 2 m by 1 m) rather than square to allow birds to perform short flights.
Zebra finches
Enclosures shall be long and narrow (for example 2 m by 1 m) to enable birds to perform short flights. For breeding studies, pairs may be housed in smaller enclosures containing appropriate enrichment with a minimum floor area of 0,5 m2 and a minimum height of 40 cm. The duration of the confinement shall be justified by the experimenter in consultation with veterinary staff.
Aquatic urodeles
--------------------------------
<*> Measured from snout to vent.
Aquatic anurans <*>
--------------------------------
<*> These conditions apply to holding (i.e. husbandry) tanks but not to those tanks used for natural mating and super-ovulation for reasons of efficiency, as the latter procedures require smaller individual tanks. Space requirements determined for adults in the indicated size categories; juveniles and tadpoles shall either be excluded, or dimensions altered according to the scaling principle.
<**> Measured from snout to vent.
Semi-aquatic anurans
--------------------------------
<*> Measured from snout to vent.
<**> One-third land division, two-thirds water division sufficient for animals to submerge.
<***> Measured from the surface of the land division up to the inner part of the top of the terrarium; furthermore, the height of the enclosures shall be adapted to the interior design.
Semi-terrestrial anurans
--------------------------------
<*> Measured from snout to vent.
<**> Two-thirds land division, one-third water division sufficient for animals to submerge.
<***> Measured from the surface of the land division up to the inner part of the top of the terrarium; furthermore, the height of the enclosures shall be adapted to the of interior design.
Arboreal anurans
--------------------------------
<*> Measured from snout to vent.
<**> Two-thirds land division, one-third pool division sufficient for animals to submerge.
<***> Measured from the surface of the land division up to the inner part of the top of the terrarium; furthermore, the height of the enclosures shall be adapted to the interior design.
Aquatic chelonians
--------------------------------
<*> Measured in a straight line from to the front edge the back edge of he shell
Terrestrial snakes
--------------------------------
<*> Measured from snout to tail.
<**> Measured from the surface of the land division up to the inner part of the top of the terrarium; furthermore, the height of the enclosure shall be adapted to the interior design.
Adequate water supply of suitable quality shall be provided at all times. Water flow in re-circulatory systems or filtration within tanks shall be sufficient to ensure that water quality parameters are maintained within acceptable levels. Water supply shall be filtered or treated to remove substances harmful to fish, where necessary. Water-quality parameters shall at all times be within the acceptable range that sustains normal activity and physiology for a given species and stage of development. The water flow shall be appropriate to enable fish to swim correctly and to maintain normal behaviour. Fish shall be given an appropriate time for acclimatisation and adaptation to changes in water-quality conditions.
Oxygen concentration shall be appropriate to the species and to the context in which the fish are held. Where necessary, supplementary aeration of tank water shall be provided. The concentrations of nitrogen compounds shall be kept low.
The pH level shall be adapted to the species and kept as stable as possible. The salinity shall be adapted to the requirements of the fish species and to the life stage of the fish. Changes in salinity shall take place gradually.
Temperature shall be maintained within the optimal range for the fish species concerned and kept as stable as possible. Changes in temperature shall take place gradually. Fish shall be maintained on an appropriate photo-period. Noise levels shall be kept to a minimum and, where possible, equipment causing noise or vibration, such as power generators or filtration systems, shall be separate from the fish-holding tanks.
The stocking density of fish shall be based on the total needs of the fish in respect of environmental conditions, health and welfare. Fish shall have sufficient water volume for normal swimming, taking account of their size, age, health and feeding method. Fish shall be provided with an appropriate environmental enrichment, such as hiding places or bottom substrate, unless behavioural traits suggest none is required.
Fish shall be fed a diet suitable for the fish at an appropriate feeding rate and frequency. Particular attention shall be given to feeding of larval fish during any transition from live to artificial diets. Handling of fish shall be kept to a minimum.
METHODS OF KILLING ANIMALS
1. In the process of killing animals, methods listed in the table below shall be used.
Methods other than those listed in the table may be used:
(a) on unconscious animals, providing the animal does not regain consciousness before death;
(b) on animals used in agricultural research, when the aim of the project requires that the animals are kept under similar conditions to those under which commercial farm animals are kept; these animals may be killed in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex I to Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 of 24 September 2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 303, 18.11.2009, p. 1.
2. The killing of animals shall be completed by one of the following methods:
(a) confirmation of permanent cessation of the circulation;
(b) destruction of the brain;
(c) dislocation of the neck;
(d) exsanguination; or
(e) confirmation of the onset of rigor mortis.
3. Table
Requirements
1. Shall, where appropriate, be used with prior sedation.
2. Only to be used on large reptiles.
3. Only to be used in gradual fill. Not to be used for foetal and neonate rodents.
4. Only to be used for birds under 1 kg. Birds over 250 g shall be sedated.
5. Only to be used for rodents under 1 kg. Rodents over 150 g shall be sedated.
6. Only to be used for rabbits under 1 kg. Rabbits over 150 g shall be sedated.
7. Only to be used for birds under 5 kg.
8. Only to be used for rodents under 1 kg.
9. Only to be used for rabbits under 5 kg.
10. Only to be used on neonates.
11. Only to be used for birds under 250 g.
12. Only to be used if other methods are not possible.
13. Specialised equipment required.
14. Only to be used on pigs.
15. Only to be used in field conditions by experienced marksmen.
16. Only to be used in field conditions by experienced marksmen when other methods are not possible.
LIST
OF ELEMENTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 23(3)
1. National legislation in force relevant to the acquisition, husbandry, care and use of animals for scientific purposes.
2. Ethics in relation to human-animal relationship, intrinsic value of life and arguments for and against the use of animals for scientific purposes.
3. Basic and appropriate species-specific biology in relation to anatomy, physiological features, breeding, genetics and genetic alteration.
4. Animal behaviour, husbandry and enrichment.
5. Species-specific methods of handling and procedures, where appropriate.
6. Animal health management and hygiene.
7. Recognition of species-specific distress, pain and suffering of most common laboratory species.
8. Anaesthesia, pain relieving methods and killing.
9. Use of humane end-points.
10. Requirement of replacement, reduction and refinement.
11. Design of procedures and projects, where appropriate.
LIST
OF ELEMENTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 37(1)(C)
1. Relevance and justification of the following:
(a) use of animals including their origin, estimated numbers, species and life stages;
(b) procedures.
2. Application of methods to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals in procedures.
3. The planned use of anaesthesia, analgesia and other pain relieving methods.
4. Reduction, avoidance and alleviation of any form of animal suffering, from birth to death where appropriate.
5. Use of humane end-points.
6. Experimental or observational strategy and statistical design to minimise animal numbers, pain, suffering, distress and environmental impact where appropriate.
7. Reuse of animals and the accumulative effect thereof on the animals.
8. The proposed severity classification of procedures.
9. Avoidance of unjustified duplication of procedures where appropriate.
10. Housing, husbandry and care conditions for the animals.
11. Methods of killing.
12. Competence of persons involved in the project.
DUTIES AND TASKS OF THE UNION REFERENCE LABORATORY
1. The Union Reference Laboratory referred to in Article 48 is the Commission's Joint Research Centre.
2. The Union Reference Laboratory shall be responsible, in particular, for:
(a) coordinating and promoting the development and use of alternatives to procedures including in the areas of basic and applied research and regulatory testing;
(b) coordinating the validation of alternative approaches at Union level;
(c) acting as a focal point for the exchange of information on the development of alternative approaches;
(d) setting up, maintaining and managing public databases and information systems on alternative approaches and their state of development;
(e) promoting dialogue between legislators, regulators, and all relevant stakeholders, in particular, industry, biomedical scientists, consumer organisations and animal-welfare groups, with a view to the development, validation, regulatory acceptance, international recognition, and application of alternative approaches.
3. The Union Reference Laboratory shall participate in the validation of alternative approaches.
SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION
OF PROCEDURES
The severity of a procedure shall be determined by the degree of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm expected to be experienced by an individual animal during the course of the procedure.
Severity categories
Procedures which are performed entirely under general anaesthesia from which the animal shall not recover consciousness shall be classified as "non-recovery".
Procedures on animals as a result of which the animals are likely to experience short-term mild pain, suffering or distress, as well as procedures with no significant impairment of the well-being or general condition of the animals shall be classified as "mild".
Procedures on animals as a result of which the animals are likely to experience short-term moderate pain, suffering or distress, or long-lasting mild pain, suffering or distress as well as procedures that are likely to cause moderate impairment of the well-being or general condition of the animals shall be classified as "moderate".
Procedures on animals as a result of which the animals are likely to experience severe pain, suffering or distress, or long-lasting moderate pain, suffering or distress as well as procedures, that are likely to cause severe impairment of the well-being or general condition of the animals shall be classified as "severe".
Assignment criteria
The assignment of the severity category shall take into account any intervention or manipulation of an animal within a defined procedure. It shall be based on the most severe effects likely to be experienced by an individual animal after applying all appropriate refinement techniques.
When assigning a procedure to a particular category, the type of procedure and a number of other factors shall be taken into account. All these factors shall be considered on a case-by-case basis.
The factors related to the procedure shall include:
- type of manipulation, handling,
- nature of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm caused by (all elements of) the procedure, and its intensity, the duration, frequency and multiplicity of techniques employed,
- cumulative suffering within a procedure,
- prevention from expressing natural behaviour including restrictions on the housing, husbandry and care standards.
Examples are given in Section III of procedures assigned to each of the severity categories on the basis of factors related to the type of the procedure alone. They shall provide the first indication as to what classification would be the most appropriate for a certain type of procedure.
However, for the purposes of the final severity classification of the procedure, the following additional factors, assessed on a case-by-case basis, shall also be taken into account:
- type of species and genotype,
- maturity, age and gender of the animal,
- training experience of the animal with respect to the procedure,
- if the animal is to be reused, the actual severity of the previous procedures,
- the methods used to reduce or eliminate pain, suffering and distress, including refinement of housing, husbandry and care conditions,
- humane end-points.
Examples of different types of procedure
assigned to each of the severity categories on the basis
of factors related to the type of the procedure
(a) administration of anaesthesia except for the sole purpose of killing;
(b) pharmacokinetic study where a single dose is administered and a limited number of blood samples are taken (totalling < 10% of circulating volume) and the substance is not expected to cause any detectable adverse effect;
(c) non-invasive imaging of animals (e.g. MRI) with appropriate sedation or anaesthesia;
(d) superficial procedures, e.g. ear and tail biopsies, non-surgical subcutaneous implantation of mini-pumps and transponders;
(e) application of external telemetry devices that cause only minor impairment to the animals or minor interference with normal activity and behaviour;
(f) administration of substances by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal routes, gavage and intravenously via superficial blood vessels, where the substance has no more than mild impact on the animal, and the volumes are within appropriate limits for the size and species of the animal;
(g) induction of tumours, or spontaneous tumours, that cause no detectable clinical adverse effects (e.g. small, subcutaneous, non-invasive nodules);
(h) breeding of genetically altered animals, which is expected to result in a phenotype with mild effects;
(i) feeding of modified diets, that do not meet all of the animals' nutritional needs and are expected to cause mild clinical abnormality within the time-scale of the study;
(j) short-term (< 24h) restraint in metabolic cages;
(k) studies involving short-term deprivation of social partners, short-term solitary caging of adult rats or mice of sociable strains;
(l) models which expose animals to noxious stimuli which are briefly associated with mild pain, suffering or distress, and which the animals can successfully avoid;
(m) a combination or accumulation of the following examples may result in classification as "mild":
(i) assessing body composition by non-invasive measures and with minimal restraint;
(ii) monitoring ECG with non-invasive techniques with minimal or no restraint of habituated animals;
(iii) application of external telemetry devices that are expected to cause no impairment to socially adapted animals and do not interfere with normal activity and behaviour;
(iv) breeding genetically altered animals which are expected to have no clinically detectable adverse phenotype;
(v) adding inert markers in the diet to follow passage of digesta;
(vi) withdrawal of food for < 24h in adult rats;
(vii) open field testing.
(a) frequent application of test substances which produce moderate clinical effects, and withdrawal of blood samples (> 10% of circulating volume) in a conscious animal within a few days without volume replacement;
(b) acute dose-range finding studies, chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity tests, with non-lethal end-points;
(c) surgery under general anaesthesia and appropriate analgesia, associated with post surgical pain, suffering or impairment of general condition. Examples include: thoracotomy, craniotomy, laparotomy, orchidectomy, lymphadenectomy, thyroidectomy, orthopaedic surgery with effective stabilisation and wound management, organ transplantation with effective management of rejection, surgical implantation of catheters, or biomedical devices (e.g. telemetry transmitters, minipumps etc.);
(d) models of induction of tumours, or spontaneous tumours, that are expected to cause moderate pain or distress or moderate interference with normal behaviour;
(e) irradiation or chemotherapy with a sublethal dose, or with an otherwise lethal dose but with reconstitution of the immune system. Adverse effects would be expected to be mild or moderate and would be short-lived (< 5 days);
(f) breeding of genetically altered animals which are expected to result in a phenotype with moderate effects;
(g) creation of genetically altered animals through surgical procedures;
(h) use of metabolic cages involving moderate restriction of movement over a prolonged period (up to 5 days);
(i) studies with modified diets that do not meet all of the animals' nutritional needs and are expected to cause moderate clinical abnormality within the time-scale of the study;
(j) withdrawal of food for 48 hours in adult rats;
(k) evoking escape and avoidance reactions where the animal is unable to escape or avoid the stimulus, and are expected to result in moderate distress.
(a) toxicity testing where death is the end-point, or fatalities are to be expected and severe pathophysiological states are induced. For example, single dose acute toxicity testing (see OECD testing guidelines);
(b) testing of device where failure may cause severe pain, distress or death of the animal (e.g. cardiac assist devices);
(c) vaccine potency testing characterised by persistent impairment of the animal's condition, progressive disease leading to death, associated with long-lasting moderate pain, distress or suffering;
(d) irradiation or chemotherapy with a lethal dose without reconstitution of the immune system, or reconstitution with production of graft versus host disease;
(e) models with induction of tumours, or with spontaneous tumours, that are expected to cause progressive lethal disease associated with long-lasting moderate pain, distress or suffering. For example tumours causing cachexia, invasive bone tumours, tumours resulting in metastatic spread, and tumours that are allowed to ulcerate;
(f) surgical and other interventions in animals under general anaesthesia which are expected to result in severe or persistent moderate post-operative pain, suffering or distress or severe and persistent impairment of the general condition of the animals. Production of unstable fractures, thoracotomy without adequate analgesia, or trauma to produce multiple organ failure;
(g) organ transplantation where organ rejection is likely to lead to severe distress or impairment of the general condition of the animals (e.g. xenotransplantation);
(h) breeding animals with genetic disorders that are expected to experience severe and persistent impairment of general condition, for example Huntington's disease, Muscular dystrophy, chronic relapsing neuritis models;
(i) use of metabolic cages involving severe restriction of movement over a prolonged period;
(j) inescapable electric shock (e.g. to produce learned helplessness);
(k) complete isolation for prolonged periods of social species e.g. dogs and non-human primates;
(l) immobilisation stress to induce gastric ulcers or cardiac failure in rats;
(m) forced swim or exercise tests with exhaustion as the end-point.
Вернуться в "Каталог нормативных документов"
Источник информации: https://internet-law.ru/documents/dop_documents/49/gost_86188/0/direk.html
На правах рекламы:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||