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ОписаниеИсточник публикации Директива на русском языке подготовлена для публикации в системах ИС NORMPROD. Директива на английском языке опубликована не была. Примечание к документу Документ утрачивает силу 12 декабря 2026 года в соответствии с Директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза от 23.10.2024 N 2024/2881 (официальный сайт законодательства Европейского Союза /template/go.php?url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu по состоянию на 03.11.2025). В информационный банк включен данный документ с изменениями и дополнениями от 28.08.2015. Документ вступил в силу 11 июня 2008 года (официальный сайт законодательства Европейского Союза /template/go.php?url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu по состоянию на 20.04.2017). Россия не участвует. В соответствии со статьей 34 данный документ вступил в силу со дня опубликования в официальном издании Европейского Союза. Название документа Директива N 2008/50/ЕС Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза "О качестве атмосферного воздуха и мерах его очистки" [рус., англ.] (Вместе с "Требованиями к качеству данных", "Измерениями фона загрязнения в сельской местности независимо от концентрации вредных веществ", <Оценкой качества воздуха, критериями группирования, расположения и определения минимального количества измерительных пунктов для фиксированных измерений, определениями условий оценки, эталонными методами оценки концентрации сернистого газа, диоксида углерода и оксида углерода, твердых частиц (PM 10 и PM 2,5), свинца, бензола, оксида углерода и озона в воздухе в пределах зоны или агломерации>, "Планируемым объемом озона и долгосрочными целями", "Измерением предшествующих озону субстанций", "Предельно допустимыми значениями для защиты здоровья человека", "Данными и тревожными порогами", "Критическими уровнями для защиты растений", <Национальной целью по уменьшению воздействия загрязняющих веществ, целевым и предельным значением для PM 2,5>, "Информацией, обязательной для включения в местные, региональные и национальные планы...", "Информированием общественности", "Корреляционной таблицей", <Заявлениями Европейской комиссии и Нидерландов>) (Принята в г. Страсбурге 21.05.2008) Договаривающиеся стороны Директива N 2008/50/ЕС Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза
|
Параметры | Требуемое соотношение достоверности данных |
Значения за один час | 75% (т.е. 45 минут) |
Значения за восемь часов | 75% от значения (т.е. шесть часов) |
Максимальное ежедневное усредненное значение за 8 часов 8 часов подряд | 75% от усредненного значения за 8 часов подряд (т.е. 18 восьмичасовых усредненных значений в день) |
AOT40 | 90% от значения за один час, установленного для подсчета значения AOT40 <*> |
Среднегодовое значение | 75% от летнего одночасового значения (с апреля по сентябрь) и 75% от зимнего (с января по март и с октября по декабрь) |
Число превышений/максимальных значений в месяц | 90% от ежедневных максимальных восьмичасовых значений (27 полезных ежедневных значений за месяц)/90% от ежечасных значений между 8.00 и 20.00 часами СЕВ |
Число превышений и максимальных значений в год | пять из шести месяцев за летний сезон (с апреля по сентябрь) |
--------------------------------
<*> В случае недоступности данных по измерениям нижеследующий коэффициент должен быть использован для подсчета значений AOT40:
вероятное общее количество часов <**>
AOT40 = AOT4 x --------------------------------
приблизительный измеренный количество измерений в час
<**> Количество часов в течение периода определения AOT40 (а именно, с 08:00 по 20:000 среднеевропейского времени с 1 мая по 31 июля каждого года для защиты растений, и с 1 апреля по 30 сентября каждого года для защиты лесов).
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Цель ?Усредненный период ? Целевое значение ? Дата достижения ?
? ? ? ? целевого значения ?
? ? ? ? <*> ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3 ? ?
?Защита ?Ежедневное ?120 mug/m не должно ?01.01.2010 ?
?здоровья ?усредненное ?быть превышено более ? ?
?человека ?значение за восемь ?25 дней в календарном ? ?
? ?часов <**> ?году в среднем на ? ?
? ? ?протяжении трех лет ? ?
? ? ?<***> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Защита ?с мая по июль ?ATO40 (из расчета ?01.01.2010 ?
?растений ? ?одночасового ? ?
? ? ? 3? ?
? ? ?значения) 18000 mug/m ? ?
? ? ?в час в среднем на ? ?
? ? ?протяжении пяти лет ? ?
? ? ?<***> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> Оценка соблюдения целевых значений начинается с настоящего времени. Таким образом, 2010 год становится первым годом, данные за который будут использованы при подсчете соответствия с последующими тремя или пятью годами.
<**> Ежедневное усредненное значение концентрации за восемь часов определяется путем изучения усредненных значений за восемь часов, вычисляемых при помощи данных, поступающих ежечасно, и обновляемых каждый час. Каждое усредненное восьмичасовое значение приписывается тому дню, когда заканчивается измерение, таким образом, первый расчетный период дня будет начинаться в 17:00 предыдущего дня и заканчиваться в 01:00 следующего; последний расчетный период любого дня длится с 16:00 до 24:00.
<***> Если усредненные значения за три или пять лет не могут быть установлены на основе полной и последовательной совокупности ежегодных данных, то минимальными данными, необходимыми для проверки соответствия целевым значениям, являются:
- целевые значения для защиты здоровья человека: достоверные данные за год,
- целевые значения для защиты растений: достоверные данные за три года.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Цель ? Усредненный ? Долгосрочная ? Дата достижения ?
? ? период ? цель ?долгосрочной цели?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Защита ?Ежедневное ? 3 ?не определена ?
?здоровья ?усредненное значение? 120 mug/m ? ?
?человека ?за календарный год ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Защита ?С мая по июнь ?АОТ40 (из расчета ?не определена ?
?растительности? ?одночасового ? ?
? ? ?значения) ? ?
? ? ? 3 ? ?
? ? ?6000 mug/m в час ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУНКТОВ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ОЗОНА
Нижеследующие данные применяются для снятия фиксированных измерений:
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Тип станции? Цели измерений ?Репрезентативность? Критерий ?
? ? ? <*> ? макромасштабного ?
? ? ? ? размещения ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 2 ? ?
?Городской ?Защита здоровья ?Несколько км ?Вдали от воздействия ?
? ?человека: оценка ? ?локальных выбросов, ?
? ?влияния населения ? ?как, например, от ?
? ?города на озон, ? ?транспорта, ?
? ?т.е. места с ? ?автозаправок и т.д.; ?
? ?высокой плотностью? ?вентилируемые участки, ?
? ?населения и ? ?с возможностью ?
? ?концентрацией ? ?измерения разнородных ?
? ?озона представляют? ?уровней загрязнения; ?
? ?собой образец ? ?жилые районы и торговые?
? ?влияния населения ? ?районы городов, парки ?
? ?города на озон ? ?(вдали от деревьев), ?
? ? ? ?большие улицы или ?
? ? ? ?площади с минимальным ?
? ? ? ?потоком транспорта или ?
? ? ? ?без него, открытые ?
? ? ? ?пространства, ?
? ? ? ?предназначенные для ?
? ? ? ?обучения, спорта или ?
? ? ? ?отдыха ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Пригородный?Защита здоровья ?Несколько десятков?На определенном ?
? ?человека и ? 2 ?расстоянии от области ?
? ?растений: оценка ?км ?максимально высокого ?
? ?влияния населения ? ?выброса загрязняющих ?
? ?и растительности, ? ?веществ, следуя ?
? ?расположенных на ? ?основному направлению ?
? ?окраинах ? ?ветра, во время ?
? ?агломераций с ? ?условий, благоприятных ?
? ?наибольшим уровнем? ?для образования озона; ?
? ?концентрации ? ?в местах, где ?
? ?озона, на который ? ?население, ?
? ?прямо или косвенно? ?чувствительные зерновые?
? ?влияет население и? ?культуры или природные ?
? ?растительность ? ?экосистемы, ?
? ? ? ?расположенные на ?
? ? ? ?окраине агломерации, ?
? ? ? ?подвержены влиянию ?
? ? ? ?уровней высокой ?
? ? ? ?концентрации озона; ?
? ? ? ?по необходимости, ?
? ? ? ?необходимо расположить ?
? ? ? ?некоторые пригородные ?
? ? ? ?станции в ?
? ? ? ?противоположной от ?
? ? ? ?направления ветра ?
? ? ? ?стороне или в районах ?
? ? ? ?с максимально высоким ?
? ? ? ?выбросом вредных ?
? ? ? ?веществ, с целью ?
? ? ? ?определения местного ?
? ? ? ?фонового уровня озона ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Сельский ?Защита здоровья ?Субрегиональные ?Станции могут ?
? ?человека и ?уровни (несколько ?располагаться в ?
? ?растений: оценка ? 2 ?небольших поселениях ?
? ?влияния населения,?сот км ) ?и/или в районах с ?
? ?зерновых культур и? ?природной экосистемой, ?
? ?природных ? ?лесах или полях; ?
? ?экосистем на ? ?должны быть ?
? ?субрегиональную ? ?репрезентативны по ?
? ?шкалу концентрации? ?состоянию озона, не ?
? ?озона ? ?подверженного ?
? ? ? ?непосредственному ?
? ? ? ?влиянию выбросов ?
? ? ? ?загрязняющих веществ, ?
? ? ? ?как, например, в ?
? ? ? ?промышленных районах ?
? ? ? ?или на дорогах; ?
? ? ? ?в местах с открытым ?
? ? ? ?пространством, не ?
? ? ? ?ограниченных высокими ?
? ? ? ?горами ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Сельский ?Защита растений и ?Региональный / ?Станции не ?
?фон ?здоровья человека:?Национальный / ?рекомендуется ?
? ?оценка влияния ?Континентальный ?располагать в районах с?
? ?полей, природных ?уровни (от 1000 до?низкой плотностью ?
? ?экосистем и ? 2 ?населения, т.е. в ?
? ?населения на ?10000 км ) ?районах с природной ?
? ?региональную шкалу? ?экосистемой и лесами, ?
? ?концентрации озона? ?расположенных не ?
? ? ? ?меньше, чем за 20 км от?
? ? ? ?города, промышленных ?
? ? ? ?районах и местах ?
? ? ? ?локальных выбросов ?
? ? ? ?загрязняющих веществ; ?
? ? ? ?следует избегать мест, ?
? ? ? ?подверженных локальному?
? ? ? ?увеличению образования ?
? ? ? ?околоземных ?
? ? ? ?инверсионных условий, а?
? ? ? ?также следует избегать ?
? ? ? ?высоких гор; ?
? ? ? ?прибрежных территорий с?
? ? ? ?локальным ветреным ?
? ? ? ?суточным циклом ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> Измерительные пункты должны, по возможности, быть репрезентативны территориям, расположенным вдали от них.
Размещение станций в сельской местности должно быть скоординировано с требованиями мониторинга, обозначенными в Регламенте Комиссии (ЕС) 1737/2006 от 7 ноября 2006 года, где подробно описаны правила по выполнению Регламента (ЕС) 2152/2003 Европейского парламента и Совета по мониторингу состояния лесов и взаимодействию по вопросам защиты окружающей среды в Евросоюзе. <*>
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 334, 30.11.2006, с. 1.
Процедура микромасштабного размещения, описанная в разделе C Приложения III, должна быть соблюдена максимально полно. Также она должна гарантировать расположение входного зонда на достаточном расстоянии от топочных камер и печных труб и на расстоянии не менее 10 м от ближайшей дороги, с увеличением дистанции в зависимости от интенсивности движения.
Процедуры, описанные в разделе D Приложения III, должны проводиться с применением надлежащих съемок и представлением данных мониторинга метеорологических и фотохимических процессов, влияющих на измерение концентрации озона в соответствующих местах.
ПУНКТОВ ДЛЯ ФИКСИРОВАННЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ОЗОНА
для продолжительных фиксированных измерений и оценки
соответствия целевым значениям, долгосрочным целям и данным
о тревожных порогах, в местностях, где данные измерения
представляют собой единственный источник информации
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Население ? Агломерации ? Другие зоны ? Сельский фон ?
? (x 1000) ? (городские и ? (пригородные и ? ?
? ? пригородные) <*>? сельские) <*> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?< 250 ? ? 1?1 станция на ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?
?< 500 ? 1? 2?50000 км <**> ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 1000 ? 2? 2? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 1500 ? 3? 3? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 2000 ? 3? 4? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 2750 ? 4? 5? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 3750 ? 5? 6? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?> 3750 ?Одна дополнительная?Одна дополнительная? ?
? ?станция на ?станция на ? ?
? ?2 миллиона человек ?2 миллиона человек ? ?
? ?населения ?населения ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> Желательно сохранить хотя бы одну пригородную станцию в местах с наибольшим влиянием населения на окружающую среду. В агломерациях 50% станций должно быть расположено в пригородных зонах.
для фиксированных измерений для зон и агломераций
в долгосрочной перспективе
Количество измерительных пунктов для зон, в сочетании с другими дополнительными средствами оценки, такими как моделирование качества воздуха и регулярное измерения диоксида азота, должны быть достаточными для изучения изменения загрязнения озона и проверки соответствия долгосрочным целям. Количество станций, расположенных в агломерациях и других зонах, может быть уменьшено на одну треть количества, указанного в разделе A. Там, где информация, полученная от фиксированных измерений, является единственным источником данных, должна быть сохранена хотя бы одна измерительная станция. Станция может быть ликвидирована в зоне с возможностью проведения дополнительной оценки воздуха, если координация действий соседних станций позволит обеспечить компетентную оценку концентрации вредных веществ в зоне и сравнение данных с долгосрочными целями. Количество станций по измерению сельского фона должно быть не менее, чем одна на 100000 кв. км.
Основной целью подобных измерений служит анализ продуктов, предшествующих озону, проверка эффективности методик по уменьшению выбросов, проверка кадастра газообразных выбросов и помощь источникам выбросов загрязняющих веществ в соблюдении предписанной концентрации загрязняющих веществ. Дополнительной целью является содействие пониманию способов формирования озона и предшествующего ему процесса дисперсии, а также применение фотохимических моделей.
Измерение субстанций, предшествующих озону, включает в себя измерение
оксидов азота (NO и NO ) и соответствующих летучих органических соединений
2
(ЛОС). Ниже представлен список летучих органических соединений,
рекомендуемых для измерений:
1-Бутен | Изопрен | Этил-бензол | |
Этан | Транс-2-бутен | n-Гексан | m + p-Ксилол |
Этилен | цис-2-Бутен | i-Гексан | o-Ксилол |
Ацетилен | 1,3-Бутадиен | n-Гептан | 1,2,4-Триметролебензол |
Пропан | n-Пентан | n-Октан | 1,2,3-Триметролебензол |
Пропан | i-Пентан | i-Октан | 1,2,5-Триметролебензол |
n-Бутан | 1-Пентен | Бензол | Формальдегид |
i-Бутан | 2-Пентен | Толуол | Целые неметановые углеводороды |
Подходящие для целей мониторинга замеры, указанные в разделе A, должны быть проведены в городских и пригородных территориях на любом посту мониторинга в соответствии с требованиями данной Директивы.
Без ущерба Приложению I, нижеследующие критерии должны использоваться для проверки достоверности при обобщении данных и при статистических расчетах:
Параметр | Требуемое соотношение достоверности данных |
Одночасовые значения | 75% от значения (т.е. 45 минут) |
Восьмичасовые значения | 75% от значения (т.е. 6 часов) |
Ежедневное максимальное усредненное восьмичасовое значение | 75% от усредненного значения за 8 часов подряд (т.е. 18 восьмичасовых усредненных значений в день) |
24-часовое значение | 75% от усредненного часового значения (т.е. по меньшей мере, 18 часовых значений) |
Среднегодовое значение | 90% <*> от усредненного часового значения; или (при отсутствии информации) 24-часовое значение за год |
--------------------------------
<*> Требования к подсчету усредненного годового значения не включают в себя потерю данных вследствие текущей проверки и стандартного технического обслуживания оборудования.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Усредненный? Предельно ?Граница допустимого ?Дата достижения ?
? период ? допустимое значение ? отклонения ? предельно ?
? ? ? ? допустимого ?
? ? ? ? значения ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? 3 ? ?
?Один час ?350 mug/m , не должен?150 mug/m (43%) ?- <*> ?
? ?быть превышен более ? ? ?
? ?24 раз за календарный? ? ?
? ?год ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Один день ?150 mug/m , не должен?нет ?- <*> ?
? ?быть превышен более ? ? ?
? ?24 раз за календарный? ? ?
? ?год ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Один час ?200 mug/m , не должен?50% на 19 июля ?1 января 2010 ?
? ?быть превышен более ?1999 г. Границу ?года ?
? ?18 раз за календарный?допустимого ? ?
? ?год ?отклонения ? ?
? ? ?необходимо ? ?
? ? ?уменьшать с ? ?
? ? ?1 января 2001 года ? ?
? ? ?на равное ? ?
? ? ?количество ? ?
? ? ?процентов каждые 12 ? ?
? ? ?месяцев, так чтобы ? ?
? ? ?к 1 января 2010 года? ?
? ? ?достичь 0% ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Календарный ?40 mug/m ?50% на 19 июля ?1 января 2010 ?
?год ? ?1999 г. Границу ?года ?
? ? ?допустимого ? ?
? ? ?отклонения ? ?
? ? ?необходимо ? ?
? ? ?уменьшать с ? ?
? ? ?1 января 2001 года ? ?
? ? ?на равное ? ?
? ? ?количество ? ?
? ? ?процентов каждые 12 ? ?
? ? ?месяцев, так чтобы ? ?
? ? ?к 1 января 2010 ? ?
? ? ?года достичь 0% ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? 3 ? ?
?Календарный ?5 mug/m ?5 mug/m (100%) на 13?1 января 2010 ?
?год ? ?декабря 2000 года. ?года ?
? ? ?Границу допустимого ? ?
? ? ?отклонения ? ?
? ? ?необходимо ? ?
? ? ?уменьшать с ? ?
? ? ?1 января 2006 года ? ?
? ? ? 3 ? ?
? ? ?на 1 mug/m каждые ? ?
? ? ?12 месяцев, чтобы ? ?
? ? ?к 1 января 2010 ? ?
? ? ?года достичь 0% ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Максимальное ?10 мг/м ?60% ?- <*> ?
?ежедневное ? ? ? ?
?усредненное ? ? ? ?
?восьмичасовое? ? ? ?
?значение <**>? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Календарный ?0,5 mug/m <***> ?100% ?- <***> ?
?год ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 10 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Один день ?50 mug/m , не должен ?50% ?- <*> ?
? ?быть превышен более ? ? ?
? ?35 раз за календарный? ? ?
? ?год ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Календарный ?40 mug/m ?20% ?- <*> ?
?год ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<**> Максимальное ежедневное усредненное значение концентрации за восемь часов определяется путем изучения усредненных значений за восемь часов, вычисляемых при помощи данных, поступающих ежечасно, и обновляемых каждый час. Каждое усредненное восьмичасовое значение, подсчитанное таким образом, приписывается тому дню, когда измерение заканчивается, таким образом, первый расчетный период любого дня будет начинаться в 17:00 предыдущего дня и заканчиваться в 01:00 следующего; последний расчетный период любого дня длится с 16:00 до 24:00.
быть достигнуто к 1 января 2010 г. Для измерительных станций, находящихся в
непосредственной близости от специализированных промышленных производств,
загрязняющих данную местность промышленными выбросами десятки лет подряд,
3
предельное значение к 1 января 2010 года должно составлять 1,0 mug/m .
Территория, к которой применяется более высокое предельное значение, не
должна простираться более, чем на 1000 м от таких мест.
Измеряются в течение трех часов подряд в местах, репрезентативных по качеству воздуха на площади 100 кв. км или в целой зоне или агломерации.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Загрязняющее вещество ? Тревожный порог ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3?
?Сернистый газ ? 500 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3?
?Диоксид азота ? 400 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Назначение ? Усредненный период ? Порог ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3?
?Данные ?1 час ? 180 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3?
?Тревожный сигнал ?1 час <*> ? 240 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> При реализации ст. 24 превышение порога измеряется или прогнозируется на три часа подряд.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Усредненный период ?Критический уровень ? Допустимые границы ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ?
?Календарный год и зимний ?20 mug/m ?нет ?
?период (с 1 октября по 1 марта)? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ?
?Календарный год ?30 mug/m NO ?нет ?
? ? x ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
ВЕЩЕСТВ, ЦЕЛЕВОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И ПРЕДЕЛЬНОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ PM
2,5
3
Усредненный показатель воздействия (УПВ), выраженный в mug/m , основан
на измерениях городского фона в зонах и агломерациях на всей территории
государства-члена. Он рассчитывается из усредненного трехгодового значения
концентрации, полученного со всех измерительных пунктов, установленных в
соответствии с разделом B Приложения V. УПВ для 2010 года будет составлять
усредненное значение концентрации за 2008, 2009 и 2010 годы.
Несмотря на это, там, где данные за 2008 год не доступны, государство-член может использовать усредненное значение концентрации за 2009 и 2010 годы или усредненное значение концентрации за 2009, 2010 и 2011 годы. Используя такую возможность, государство-член должно до 11 сентября 2008 года поставить Комиссию в известность о своем решении.
УПВ для 2020 года будет составлять усредненное значение концентрации, полученной от измерительных пунктов, за три года - за 2018, 2019 и 2020 годы. УВП используется для проверки достижения национальной задачи по уменьшению воздействия вредных веществ на окружающую среду.
УПВ для 2015 года будет составлять усредненное трехгодовое значение концентрации, полученной от измерительных пунктов, за 2013, 2014 и 2015 годы. УПВ используется для проверки достижения обязательств по уменьшению воздействия вредных веществ на окружающую среду.
НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Цель по уменьшению воздействия УПВ к 2010 году ? Год выполнения цели по ?
? ? уменьшению воздействия ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Начальная концентрация? Цель по уменьшению ?2020 ?
? 3 ?выброса вредных веществ ? ?
? в mug/m ? в процентном выражении ? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 8,5 = 8,5 ? 0%? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?> 8,5 - < 13 ? 10%? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?= 13 - < 18 ? 15%? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?= 18 - < 22 ? 20%? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?>= 22 ?Все подлежащие ? ?
? ?выполнению замеры ? ?
? ? 3 ? ?
? ?18 mug/m ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3
В местах, где УПВ за соответствующий год составляет 8,5 mug/m или
меньше, цель по уменьшению воздействия на окружающую среду будет равна
нулю. Цель по уменьшению воздействия на окружающую среду будет равна нулю
3
также, в случае если УПВ достигает уровня 8,5 mug/m в любой момент за
период с 2010 по 2020 годы и удерживается на этом уровне или ниже.
ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Обязательства по уменьшению ? Год выполнения обязательств ?
?концентрации загрязняющих веществ ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 3 ? ?
?20 mug/m ?2015 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Усредненный период ? Целевое значение ? Дата достижения целевого ?
? ? ? значения ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ?
?Календарный год ?25 mug/m ?1 января 2010 г. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Усредненный ? Предельное ?Допустимые границы ?Дата достижения?
? период ? значение ? ?предельного ?
? ? ? ?значения ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Календарный ?25 mug/m ?20% на 11 июня 2008 года;?1 января 2020 г. ?
?год ? ?с 1 января следующего ? ?
? ? ?года происходит ? ?
? ? ?уменьшение значения на ? ?
? ? ?равное количество ? ?
? ? ?процентов каждые ? ?
? ? ?12 месяцев, так чтобы к ? ?
? ? ?1 января 2015 года ? ?
? ? ?достичь 0% ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Этап 2 <*> ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Календарный ?20 mug/m ? ?1 января 2020 ?
?год ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> Этап 2 - показательное предельное значение рассматривается Комиссией в 2013 году в свете полученных данных о влиянии загрязняющих веществ на здоровье людей и окружающую среду, технической осуществимости и опыта по достижению целевого значения в государствах-членах.
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЛЯ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ В МЕСТНЫЕ, РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ
И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПЛАНЫ ПО УЛУЧШЕНИЮ КАЧЕСТВА ВОЗДУХА
предоставлена в соответствии со статьей 23
(план по улучшению качества воздуха)
1. Локализация перенаселенных мест:
a) регион;
b) город (на карте);
c) измерительная станция (географические координаты на карте).
2. Общая информация:
a) тип местности (город, промышленная или сельская местность)
b) оценка загрязненной территории (кв. км) и населения, подверженного влиянию загрязнения;
c) полезные данные о климате;
d) важные топографические данные;
e) достаточная информация о характере целей, требующих защиту от загрязняющих веществ на данной местности.
3. Ответственные лица:
Имена и адреса лиц, ответственных за разработку и исполнение планов по улучшению качества воздуха.
4. Природа и оценка загрязнения:
a) вредные вещества, попавшие под наблюдение за последние годы (до реализации мер по улучшению качества воздуха);
b) концентрации, измеренные после запуска проекта;
c) методы, используемые для оценки.
5. Источник загрязнения:
a) список основных источников загрязнения (по карте);
b) полное количество загрязняющих веществ, выделяемых данными источниками загрязнения (количество тонн в год);
c) данные о загрязнениях, поступающих из других территорий.
6. Анализ ситуации:
a) подробные данные о факторах, влияющих на превышение концентрации загрязняющих веществ (например, транспорт, включая зарубежный, данные о вторичных загрязняющих веществах в атмосфере);
b) детали возможных мер по улучшению качества воздуха.
7. Детали мер и проектов по улучшению качества воздуха, осуществляемых до 11 июня 2008 года:
a) местные, региональные, национальные, интернациональные меры;
b) наблюдаемый эффект от этих мер.
8. Детали мер и проектов, принятых с целью уменьшения загрязнения воздуха после вступления в силу данной Директивы:
a) список и описание всех мер, изложенных в проекте;
b) время исполнения;
c) оценка улучшения запланированного качества воздуха и ожидаемое время, необходимое для достижения данных целей.
9. Детали планируемых и осуществленных за длительный период времени мер.
10. Список публикаций, документов и работ, использованных в качестве дополнительной информации, необходимой в соответствии с данным Приложением.
1. Все данные в соответствии с разделом A.
2. Информация о реализации следующих Директив:
1) Директива Совета 70/220/ЕЭС от 20 марта 1970 года о сближении законодательства государств-членов относительно мероприятий, предпринимаемых против загрязнения воздуха выбросами транспортных средств <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 76, 6.4.1970, с. 1. Директива с последними изменениями, внесенными Директивой 2006/96/ЕС (ОЖ N L 363, 20.12.2006, с. 81).
2) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 94/63/ЕС от 20 декабря 1994 года по контролю выброса летучих органических соединений (ЛОС) в местах хранения бензина и его распределения из терминалов на заправочные станции <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 365, 31.12.1994, с. 24. Директива изменена Положением (ЕС) 1882/2003 (ОЖ N L 284, 31.10.2003, с. 1).
3) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2008/1/ЕС от 15 января 2008 года о комплексном предотвращении и контроле за загрязнением <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 365, 31.12.1994, с. 24. Директива изменена Положением (ЕС) 1882/2003 (ОЖ N L 284, 31.10.2003, с. 1).
4) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 97/68/ЕС от 16 декабря 1997 года по сближению законодательства государств-членов по предотвращению распространения газообразных загрязнений и твердых частиц, выделяемых двигателями внутреннего сгорания, установленными на внедорожных транспортных средствах <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 59, 27.2.1998, с. 1. Директива с последними изменениями, внесенными Директивой 2006/105/ЕС.
5) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 98/70/ЕС от 13 октября 1998 года относительно качества моторного и дизельного топлива <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 350, 28.12.1998, с. 58. Директива с последними изменениями, внесенными Регламентом (ЕС) 1882/2003.
6) Директива Совета 1999/13/ЕС от 11 марта 1999 года об ограничении выбросов летучих органических соединений вследствие использования органических растворителей в определенной деятельности и установках <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 85, 29.3.1999, с. 1. Директива с последними изменениями, внесенными Директивой 2004/42/ЕС Европейского парламента и Совета (ОЖ N L 143, 30.4.2004, с. 87).
7) Директива Совета 1999/32/ЕС от 26 апреля 1999 года по уменьшению серы в определенных видах жидкого топлива <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 121, 11.5.1999, с. 13. Директива с последними изменениями, внесенными Директивой 2005/33/ЕС Европейского парламента и Совета (ОЖ N L 191, 22.7.2005, с. 59).
8) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2000/76/ЕС от 4 декабря 2000 года о сжигании отходов <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 332, 28.12.2000, с. 91.
9) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2001/80/ЕС от 23 октября 2001 года об ограничении выбросов некоторых загрязняющих воздух веществ от крупных установок сжигания;
10) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2001/81/ЕС от 23 декабря 2001 года по уменьшению выброса в атмосферу определенных загрязняющих веществ;
11) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2004/42/ЕС от 21 апреля 2004 года по ограничению выброса летучих органических соединений вследствие использования органических растворителей при производстве определенных красок, лаков и средств по обработке автомобилей <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 143, 30.4.2004, с. 87.
12) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2005/33/ЕС от 6 июля 2006 года, вносящая поправку в Директиву 1999/32/ЕС в отношении содержания серы в топливе для флота <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 191, 22.7.2005, с. 59.
13) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2005/55/ЕС от 28 сентября 2005 года о сближении законодательства государств-членов относительно мероприятий, предпринимаемых против загрязнения воздуха выбросами газообразных и летучих загрязнителей от дизельных двигателей, используемых в транспортных средствах, и выбросами газообразных загрязнителей от двигателей внутреннего сгорания, использующих природный газ или жидкое газообразное топливо для транспортных средств <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 275, 20.10.2005, с. 1. Директива с изменениями, внесенными Регламентом (ЕС) 715/2007 (ОЖ N L 171, 29.6.2007, с. 1).
14) Директива Европейского парламента и Совета 2006/32/ЕС от 6 апреля 2006 года по эффективному использованию энергии конечными потребителями и энергетическому обеспечению <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> ОЖ N L 114, 27.4.2006, с. 64.
3. Информация обо всех мерах по уменьшению загрязнения воздуха, рассмотренная на соответствующих местных, региональных и национальных уровнях, включает в себя:
a) Уменьшение выбросов загрязняющих веществ от постоянных источников загрязнения путем гарантии оснащения или замены постоянных источников сжигания (включая сырье) малой и средней величины оборудованием по контролю за выбросом вредных веществ;
b) Уменьшение выбросов загрязняющих веществ от автомобилей путем модификации оборудования по контролю над их выбросами. Использование материальных стимулов для увеличения количества его потребителей;
c) Приобретение органами государственной власти, в соответствии с руководством по защите окружающей среды, транспортных средств, топлива и сжигающего оборудования для уменьшения выбросов загрязняющих веществ, включая покупку:
- новых транспортных средств, включая транспортных средств с низкой эмиссией загрязняющих веществ;
- услуг по очистке транспортных средств;
- стационарных источников горения с низкой эмиссией;
- низкоэмиссионного топлива для стационарных и передвижных источников;
d) меры по ограничению выброса вредных веществ от транспорта путем планирования и управления (включая назначение платы, дифференцированной платы за парковку и использование других материальных стимулов; образование зон с низким выбросом загрязняющих веществ);
e) меры по поощрению замены транспортных средств на модели с меньшим выбросом загрязняющих веществ;
f) гарантии использования низкоэмиссионного топлива в малых, средних и крупных стационарных и мобильных источниках;
g) меры разрешающей программы, предусмотренной в Директиве 2008/1/ЕС, национальных планов, предусмотренных в Директиве 2001/80/ЕС, а также меры, применяемые с использованием экономических инструментов (таких, как налоги, штрафы и продажи квот на выброс);
h) по необходимости, использование мер по защите здоровья детей и уязвимых групп населения.
1. В соответствии с данной Директивой, государства-члены гарантируют регулярную доступность для общественности новейшей информации о концентрации загрязняющих веществ.
2. В соответствии с Приложением VII и Приложениями XI - XIV информация о концентрации загрязняющих веществ в окружающей среде должна быть предоставлена в средних значениях за соответствующий средний период времени. Информация должна отражать уровень качества воздуха, включая превышение предельно допустимых значений, целевых значений, тревожных порогов, информационных порогов, а также включая долгосрочные цели по подконтрольным загрязняющим веществам. Государство-член должно предоставлять также краткую оценку целей по улучшению качества воздуха и соответствующую информацию о влиянии загрязняющих веществ на здоровье человека и растительность.
3. Информация о концентрации сернистого газа, диоксида азота, твердых
частиц (по крайней мере, PM ), озона и оксида углерода должна обновляться
10
ежедневно, а, по возможности, и ежечасно. Усредненная информация о
концентрации свинца и бензола, представленная за последние 12 месяцев,
должна обновляться каждые три месяца, или, по возможности, раз в месяц.
4. Государства-члены гарантируют предоставление общественности своевременной информации о фактическом и прогнозируемом превышении тревожных порогов; данные о превышении информационного порога также должны быть обнародованы. Предоставляемый отчет должен включать следующую информацию:
a) данные о наблюдаемом(-ых) превышении(-ях):
- местонахождение или территория превышения;
- тип порога превышения (информационный или тревожный);
- начальное время и продолжительность превышения;
- наибольшая часовая концентрация загрязняющих веществ, а также наибольшее усредненное значение концентрации озона за восемь часов;
b) прогноз на последующий полдень/день:
- географическая территория прогнозируемого превышения информационного и/или тревожного порогов;
- ожидаемые изменения (улучшение, стабилизация или ухудшение) загрязнения, а также причины данных изменений;
c) данные о типе населения, загрязненной территории, прогнозируемое влияние на здоровье людей и рекомендации по поведению:
- данные о группах населения, подверженных риску;
- описание возможных симптомов;
- рекомендуемые меры предосторожности для населения территории, подверженной загрязнению;
- источники дальнейшей информации;
d) информация о превентивных действиях по уменьшению и/или предотвращению загрязнения: указание основных источников загрязнения; рекомендуемые действия по предотвращению выброса загрязняющих веществ;
e) в случае прогнозируемого превышения порогов загрязнения, государство-член гарантирует предоставление данной информации для практических целей.
Настоящая | Директива 96/62/ЕС | Директива 1999/30/ЕС | Директива 2000/69/ЕС | Директива 2002/3/ЕС |
Статья 1 | Статья 1 | Статья 1 | Статья 1 | |
по (5) | Статья с 2 (1) по (5) | - | - | - |
и (7) | - | - | - | - |
Статья 2 (8) | Статья 2 (7) | - | - | |
Статья 2 (6) | - | - | Статья 2 (9) | |
Статья 2 (7) | Статья 2 (6) | - | Статья 2 (11) | |
- | - | - | Статья 2 (12) | |
и (13) | - | Статья 2 (13) и (14) | Статья 2 "a" и "b" | - |
- | - | - | Статья 2 (10) | |
и (16) | Статья 2 (9) и (10) | Статья 2 (8) и (9) | - | Статья 2 (7) и (8) |
и (18) | - | Статья 2 (11) и (12) | - | - |
- | - | - | - | |
- | Статья 2 (10) | - | - | |
и (26) | Статья 6 (5) | - | - | - |
- | - | - | Статья 2 (13) | |
- | - | - | Статья 2 (3) | |
Статья 3, за исключением параграфа | Статья 3 | - | - | - |
Статья 3 (1) "f" | - | - | - | - |
Статья 2 (9) и (10), Статья 6 (1) | - | - | - | |
- | Статья 7 (1) | Статья 5 (1) | - | |
по (4) | Статья с 6 (1) по (4) | - | - | - |
- | - | - | - | |
- | Статья 7 (2) и (3) с поправками | Статья 5 (2) и (3) с поправками | - | |
- | Статья 7 (5) | Статья 5 (5) | - | |
- | - | - | Статья 9 (1) первый и второй подпараграфы | |
- | - | - | Статья с 9 (1) по (3) с поправками | |
- | - | - | Статья 9 (4) | |
- | - | - | - | |
Статья 9 | - | - | - | |
- | Статьи 3 (1), 4 (1), 5 (1) и 6 | Статьи 3 (1) и 4 | - | |
- | Статьи 3 (2) и 4 (2) | - | - | |
Статья 13 (3) | - | Статья 5 (5) | - | - |
- | Статьи 3 (1) и 4 (1) с поправками | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | Статьи 3 (1) и 4 (1) | |
- | - | - | Статья 3 (2) и (3) | |
- | - | - | Статья 4 (2) | |
- | - | - | Статья 5 | |
Статья 10 с поправками | Статья 8 (3) | - | Статья 6 с поправками | |
- | Статьи 3 (4) и 5 (4) с поправками | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
Статья 8 (1) по (4) с поправками | - | - | - | |
Статья 7 (3) с поправками | - | - | Статья 7 с поправками | |
Статья 8 (5) с поправками | - | - | Статья 8 с поправками | |
- | Статья 8 с поправками | Статья 7 с поправками | Статья 6 с поправками | |
Статья 11 с поправками | Статья 5 (2) второй подпараграф | - | Статья 10 с поправками | |
Статья 12 (1) с поправками | - | - | - | |
Статья 11 с поправками | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | Приложение IX с поправками | - | - | |
Статья 12 (2) | - | - | - | |
- | Статья 11 | Статья 9 | Статья 14 | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
Статья 13 | Статья 12 | Статья 10 | Статья 15 | |
Статья 14 | Статья 13 | Статья 11 | Статья 17 | |
Статья 15 | Статья 14 | Статья 12 | Статья 18 | |
- | Приложение VIII с поправками | Приложение VI | Приложение VII | |
- | Приложение V с поправками | Приложение III | - | |
- | Приложение VI | Приложение IV | - | |
- | - | - | - | |
- | Приложение VII с поправками | Приложение V | - | |
- | Приложение IX с поправками | Приложение VII | Приложение VIII | |
- | - | - | Приложение I, Приложение III раздел II | |
Приложение | - | - | - | Приложение IV |
- | - | - | Приложение V | |
- | - | - | Приложение VI | |
- | Приложение I, раздел I, Приложение II, раздел I и Приложение III (с поправками); Приложение IV (неизмененное) | Приложение I, Приложение II | - | |
- | Приложение I, раздел II, Приложение II, раздел II | - | Приложение II, раздел I | |
Приложение | - | Приложение I, раздел I, Приложение II, раздел I | - | - |
- | - | - | - | |
Приложение XV | Приложение IV | - | - | - |
Приложение XV | - | - | - | - |
- | Статья 8 | Статья 7 | Статья 6 с поправками |
ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ КОМИССИИ
Комиссия принимает во внимание содержание Директивы о качестве воздуха и его улучшении в Европе, принятой Парламентом и Советом. В частности, Комиссия подчеркивает важность проведения совместных мер по сокращению источников загрязнения воздуха, предусмотренных Парламентом и Советом в параграфе 4 статьи 22.
Комиссия признает необходимость уменьшения выброса вредных загрязняющих веществ для достижения целей, установленных в Шестой программе действий ЕС в области окружающей среды. Комиссия разработала значительное количество совместных мер по улучшению качества воздуха. Со времени принятия стратегии по уменьшению количества загрязняющих веществ был достигнут существенный прогресс и предприняты различные меры:
- Парламент и Совет приняли новое законодательство, ограничивающее выброс легковыми автомобилями выхлопных газов,
- Комиссия приняла план нового законодательства по ограничению выброса выхлопных газов в грузовых автомобилях,
- в 2008 году новые законодательные проекты Комиссии будут касаться:
- дальнейшего уменьшения допустимого выброса ключевых загрязняющих веществ в государствах-членах;
- загрязнения, связанные с дозаправкой машин на заправочных станциях;
- исследования состава серы в топливе, включая топливо для кораблей;
- в процессе реализации также находятся подготовительные работы для осуществления следующих действий:
- улучшения экомодели и уменьшения выброса загрязняющих веществ от домашних котельных и водонагревателей;
- уменьшения содержания растворителя в красках, лаках и средствах по уходу за машиной;
- уменьшения выброса выхлопных газов от внедорожных транспортных средств, и уменьшения серы в топливе;
- Комиссия продолжит настаивать на значительном снижении выброса загрязняющих веществ от кораблей Международной морской организации, а также выполнять обещание по продвижению предложений и осуществлению совместных действий с Международной морской организацией, не исполнившей обязательства по амбициозным планам, предусмотренным на 2008 год.
Тем не менее, Комиссия выполняет обязательства по наведению порядка в законодательных инициативах, а также нуждается в инициативах, подкрепленных всесторонней оценкой воздействия на окружающую среду и оценкой эффекта от применяемых мер. В этом отношении Комиссия продолжит оценивать необходимость продвижения новых законодательных инициатив, но оставляет за собой право решать вопросы о сроках их представления.
НИДЕРЛАНДОВ
Нидерланды всегда поддерживали амбициозные и эффективные инициативы Европы по улучшению качества воздуха и будут продолжать оказывать поддержку в будущем. Нидерланды удовлетворены компромиссом, достигнутым между Парламентом и Советом и благодарны Парламенту, Комиссии и Руководству за достигнутые результаты. Новая Директива по повышению качества воздуха намечает значительный прогресс в улучшении состояния окружающей среды и здоровья людей.
Как отмечают Нидерланды, после выстраивания общей позиции качество воздуха в стране, на которое в значительной степени оказывало влияние развитие трансграничных связей, улучшилось благодаря эффективной политике Евросоюза. Главной заботой Нидерландов было включение в Директиву сбалансированного пакета общеевропейских и национальных мер, а также постановка реалистичных временных рамок для достижения поставленных целей по улучшению качества воздуха. Только в этом случае государство-член будет в состоянии достичь целей данной Директивы.
Нидерланды довольны тем, что Комиссия сделала заявление о планируемых
мерах заблаговременно. Соответствие качества воздуха своевременным
общеевропейским стандартам зависит от четкости политики Европы. Нидерланды
особенно указывают на недостаток информации и неопределенность в отношении
выброса и концентрации твердых частиц (PM ). Нидерланды приложат все
2,5
усилия по достижению поставленных целей в срок. Правительство Нидерландов
развивает Национальную программу по сотрудничеству в области улучшения
качества воздуха и решению проблемы тех местностей, где предел выбросов
загрязняющих веществ постоянно превышен, с тем, чтобы и на этих территориях
план по улучшению стандартов качества воздуха был выполнен в намеченные
сроки.
Нидерланды удовлетворены тем, что Парламент и Совет завершили второе чтение Директивы в срок, достаточный для ее вступления в силу в 2008 году. Нидерланды будут активно работать для осуществления гарантии того, что программа межнационального сотрудничества, а также меры, принимаемые на местном и региональном уровне, будут достаточны для достижения поставленных целей.
OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND CLEANER AIR FOR EUROPE
(Strasbourg, 21.V.2008)
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee <*>,
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 195, 18.8.2006, p. 84.
Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions <*>,
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 206, 29.8.2006, p. 1.
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty <*>,
--------------------------------
<*> Opinion of the European Parliament of 26 September 2006 (OJ C 306 E, 15.12.2006, p. 102), Council Common Position of 25 June 2007 (OJ C 236 E, 6.11.2007, p. 1) and Position of the European Parliament of 11 December 2007. Council Decision of 14 April 2008.
Whereas:
(1) The Sixth Community Environment Action Programme adopted by Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 <*> establishes the need to reduce pollution to levels which minimise harmful effects on human health, paying particular attention to sensitive populations, and the environment as a whole, to improve the monitoring and assessment of air quality including the deposition of pollutants and to provide information to the public.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.
(2) In order to protect human health and the environment as a whole, it is particularly important to combat emissions of pollutants at source and to identify and implement the most effective emission reduction measures at local, national and Community level. Therefore, emissions of harmful air pollutants should be avoided, prevented or reduced and appropriate objectives set for ambient air quality taking into account relevant World Health Organisation standards, guidelines and programmes.
(3) Council Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management <1>, Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air <2>, Directive 2000/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air <3>, Directive 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air <4> and Council Decision 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States <5> need to be substantially revised in order to incorporate the latest health and scientific developments and the experience of the Member States. In the interests of clarity, simplification and administrative efficiency it is therefore appropriate that those five acts be replaced by a single Directive and, where appropriate, by implementing measures.
--------------------------------
<1> OJ L 296, 21.11.1996, p. 55. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).
<2> OJ L 163, 29.6.1999, p. 41. Directive as amended by Commission Decision 2001/744/EC (OJ L 278, 23.10.2001, p. 35).
<3> OJ L 313, 13.12.2000, p. 12.
<4> OJ L 67, 9.3.2002, p. 14.
<5> OJ L 35, 5.2.1997, p. 14. Decision as amended by Commission Decision 2001/752/EC (OJ L 282, 26.10.2001, p. 69).
(4) Once sufficient experience has been gained in relation to the implementation of Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air <*> consideration may be given to the possibility of merging its provisions with those of this Directive.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 23, 26.1.2005, p. 3.
(5) A common approach to the assessment of ambient air quality should be followed according to common assessment criteria. When assessing ambient air quality, account should be taken of the size of populations and ecosystems exposed to air pollution. It is therefore appropriate to classify the territory of each Member State into zones or agglomerations reflecting the population density.
(6) Where possible modelling techniques should be applied to enable point data to be interpreted in terms of geographical distribution of concentration. This could serve as a basis for calculating the collective exposure of the population living in the area.
(7) In order to ensure that the information collected on air pollution is sufficiently representative and comparable across the Community, it is important that standardised measurement techniques and common criteria for the number and location of measuring stations are used for the assessment of ambient air quality. Techniques other than measurements can be used to assess ambient air quality and it is therefore necessary to define criteria for the use and required accuracy of such techniques.
(8) Detailed measurements of fine particulate matter at rural background locations should be made in order to understand better the impacts of this pollutant and to develop appropriate policies. Such measurements should be made in a manner consistent with those of the cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) set up under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution approved by Council Decision 81/462/EEC of 11 June 1981 <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 171, 27.6.1981, p. 11.
(9) Air quality status should be maintained where it is already good, or improved. Where the objectives for ambient air quality laid down in this Directive are not met, Member States should take action in order to comply with the limit values and critical levels, and where possible, to attain the target values and long-term objectives.
(10) The risk posed by air pollution to vegetation and natural ecosystems is most important in places away from urban areas. The assessment of such risks and the compliance with critical levels for the protection of vegetation should therefore focus on places away from built-up areas.
(11) Fine particulate matter (PM ) is responsible for significant
2,5
negative impacts on human health. Further, there is as yet no identifiable
threshold below which PM would not pose a risk. As such, this pollutant
2,5
should not be regulated in the same way as other air pollutants. The
approach should aim at a general reduction of concentrations in the urban
background to ensure that large sections of the population benefit from
improved air quality. However, to ensure a minimum degree of health
protection everywhere, that approach should be combined with a limit value,
which is to be preceded in a first stage by a target value.
(12) The existing target values and long-term objectives of ensuring effective protection against harmful effects on human health and vegetation and ecosystems from exposure to ozone should remain unchanged. An alert threshold and an information threshold for ozone should be set for the protection of the general population and sensitive sections, respectively, from brief exposures to elevated ozone concentrations. Those thresholds should trigger the dissemination of information to the public on the risks of exposure and the implementation, if appropriate, of short-term measures to reduce ozone levels where the alert threshold is exceeded.
(13) Ozone is a transboundary pollutant formed in the atmosphere from the emission of primary pollutants addressed by Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants <*>. Progress towards the air quality targets and long term objectives for ozone set in this Directive should be determined by the targets and emission ceilings provided for in Directive 2001/81/EC and, if appropriate, by implementing air quality plans as provided for in this Directive.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 22. Directive as last amended by Council Directive 2006/105/EC (OJ L 363, 20.12.2006, p. 368).
(14) Fixed measurements should be mandatory in zones and agglomerations where the long-term objectives for ozone or the assessment thresholds for other pollutants are exceeded. Information from fixed measurements may be supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements to enable point data to be interpreted in terms of geographical distribution of concentrations. The use of supplementary techniques of assessment should also allow for reduction of the required minimum number of fixed sampling points.
(15) Contributions from natural sources can be assessed but cannot be
controlled. Therefore, where natural contributions to pollutants in ambient
air can be determined with sufficient certainty, and where exceedances are
due in whole or in part to these natural contributions, these may, under
the conditions laid down in this Directive, be subtracted when assessing
compliance with air quality limit values. Contributions to exceedances of
particulate matter PM limit values attributable to winter-sanding or
10
-salting of roads may also be subtracted when assessing compliance with air
quality limit values provided that reasonable measures have been taken to
lower concentrations.
(16) For zones and agglomerations where conditions are particularly difficult, it should be possible to postpone the deadline for compliance with the air quality limit values in cases where, notwithstanding the implementation of appropriate pollution abatement measures, acute compliance problems exist in specific zones and agglomerations. Any postponement for a given zone or agglomeration should be accompanied by a comprehensive plan to be assessed by the Commission to ensure compliance by the revised deadline. The availability of necessary Community measures reflecting the chosen ambition level in the Thematic Strategy on air pollution to reduce emissions at source will be important for an effective emission reduction by the timeframe established in this Directive for compliance with the limit values and should be taken into account when assessing requests to postpone deadlines for compliance.
(17) The necessary Community measures to reduce emissions at source, in particular measures to improve the effectiveness of Community legislation on industrial emissions, to limit the exhaust emissions of engines installed in heavy duty vehicles, to further reduce the Member States' permitted national emissions of key pollutants and the emissions associated with refuelling of petrol cars at service stations, and to address the sulphur content of fuels including marine fuels should be duly examined as a priority by all institutions involved.
(18) Air quality plans should be developed for zones and agglomerations within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality target values or limit values, plus any temporary margins of tolerance, where applicable. Air pollutants are emitted from many different sources and activities. To ensure coherence between different policies, such air quality plans should where feasible be consistent, and integrated with plans and programmes prepared pursuant to Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants <*>, Directive 2001/81/EC, and Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise <**>. Full account will also be taken of the ambient air quality objectives provided for in this Directive, where permits are granted for industrial activities pursuant to Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control <***>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/105/EC.
<**> OJ L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12.
<***> OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.
(19) Action plans should be drawn up indicating the measures to be taken in the short term where there is a risk of an exceedance of one or more alert thresholds in order to reduce that risk and to limit its duration. When the risk applies to one or more limit values or target values, Member States may, where appropriate, draw up such short-term action plans. In respect of ozone, such short-term action plans should take into account the provisions of Commission Decision 2004/279/EC of 19 March 2004 concerning guidance for implementation of Directive 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to ozone in ambient air <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 87, 25.3.2004, p. 50.
(20) Member States should consult with one another if, following significant pollution originating in another Member State, the level of a pollutant exceeds, or is likely to exceed, the relevant air quality objectives plus the margin of tolerance where applicable or, as the case may be, the alert threshold. The transboundary nature of specific pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter, may require coordination between neighbouring Member States in drawing up and implementing air quality plans and short-term action plans and in informing the public. Where appropriate, Member States should pursue cooperation with third countries, with particular emphasis on the early involvement of candidate countries.
(21) It is necessary for the Member States and the Commission to collect, exchange and disseminate air quality information in order to understand better the impacts of air pollution and develop appropriate policies. Up-to-date information on concentrations of all regulated pollutants in ambient air should also be readily available to the public.
(22) In order to facilitate the handling and comparison of air quality information, data should be made available to the Commission in a standardised form.
(23) It is necessary to adapt procedures for data provision, assessment and reporting of air quality to enable electronic means and the Internet to be used as the main tools to make information available, and so that such procedures are compatible with Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the European Community (INSPIRE) <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 108, 25.4.2007, p. 1.
(24) It is appropriate to provide for the possibility of adapting the criteria and techniques used for the assessment of the ambient air quality to scientific and technical progress and adapting thereto the information to be provided.
(25) Since the objectives of this Directive cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States by reason of the trans-boundary nature of air pollutants and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
(26) Member States should lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the provisions of this Directive and ensure that they are implemented. The penalties should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
(27) Certain provisions of the acts repealed by this Directive should remain in force in order to ensure the continuance of existing air quality limits for nitrogen dioxide until they are replaced from 1 January 2010, the continuance of air quality reporting provisions until new implementing measures are adopted, and the continuance of obligations relating to the preliminary assessments of air quality required under Directive 2004/107/EC.
(28) The obligation to transpose this Directive into national law should be confined to those provisions which represent a substantive change as compared with the earlier Directives.
(29) In accordance with point 34 of the Interinstitutional Agreement on better lawmaking <*>, Member States are encouraged to draw up, for themselves and in the interest of the Community, their own tables illustrating, as far as possible, the correlation between the Directive and the transposition measures, and to make them public.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 321, 31.12.2003, p. 1.
(30) This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In particular, this Directive seeks to promote the integration into the policies of the Union of a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment in accordance with the principle of sustainable development as laid down in Article 37 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
(31) The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. Decision as amended by Decision 2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, p. 11).
(32) The Commission should be empowered to amend Annexes I to VI, Annexes VIII to X and Annex XV. Since those measures are of general scope and are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, they must be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC.
(33) The transposition clause requires Member States to ensure that the necessary urban background measurements are in place well in time to define the Average Exposure Indicator, in order to guarantee that the requirements related to the assessment of the National Exposure Reduction Target and to the calculation of the Average Exposure Indicator are met,
Have adopted this Directive:
Subject matter
This Directive lays down measures aimed at the following:
1. defining and establishing objectives for ambient air quality designed to avoid, prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment as a whole;
2. assessing the ambient air quality in Member States on the basis of common methods and criteria;
3. obtaining information on ambient air quality in order to help combat air pollution and nuisance and to monitor long-term trends and improvements resulting from national and Community measures;
4. ensuring that such information on ambient air quality is made available to the public;
5. maintaining air quality where it is good and improving it in other cases;
6. promoting increased cooperation between the Member States in reducing air pollution.
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive:
1. "ambient air" shall mean outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces as defined by Directive 89/654/EEC <*> where provisions concerning health and safety at work apply and to which members of the public do not have regular access;
--------------------------------
<*> Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace (OJ L 393, 30.12.1989, p. 1). Directive as amended by Directive 2007/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 165, 27.6.2007, p. 21).
2. "pollutant" shall mean any substance present in ambient air and likely to have harmful effects on human health and/or the environment as a whole;
3. "level" shall mean the concentration of a pollutant in ambient air or the deposition thereof on surfaces in a given time;
4. "assessment" shall mean any method used to measure, calculate, predict or estimate levels;
5. "limit value" shall mean a level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health and/or the environment as a whole, to be attained within a given period and not to be exceeded once attained;
6. "critical level" shall mean a level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, above which direct adverse effects may occur on some receptors, such as trees, other plants or natural ecosystems but not on humans;
7. "margin of tolerance" shall mean the percentage of the limit value by which that value may be exceeded subject to the conditions laid down in this Directive;
8. "air quality plans" shall mean plans that set out measures in order to attain the limit values or target values;
9. "target value" shall mean a level fixed with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health and/or the environment as a whole, to be attained where possible over a given period;
10. "alert threshold" shall mean a level beyond which there is a risk to human health from brief exposure for the population as a whole and at which immediate steps are to be taken by the Member States;
11. "information threshold" shall mean a level beyond which there is a risk to human health from brief exposure for particularly sensitive sections of the population and for which immediate and appropriate information is necessary;
12. "upper assessment threshold" shall mean a level below which a combination of fixed measurements and modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements may be used to assess ambient air quality;
13. "lower assessment threshold" shall mean a level below which modelling or objective-estimation techniques alone may be used to assess ambient air quality;
14. "long-term objective" shall mean a level to be attained in the long term, save where not achievable through proportionate measures, with the aim of providing effective protection of human health and the environment;
15. "contributions from natural sources" shall mean emissions of pollutants not caused directly or indirectly by human activities, including natural events such as volcanic eruptions, seismic activities, geothermal activities, wild-land fires, high-wind events, sea sprays or the atmospheric re-suspension or transport of natural particles from dry regions;
16. "zone" shall mean part of the territory of a Member State, as delimited by that Member State for the purposes of air quality assessment and management;
17. "agglomeration" shall mean a zone that is a conurbation with a
population in excess of 250000 inhabitants or, where the population is
2
250000 inhabitants or less, with a given population density per km to be
established by the Member States;
18. "PM " shall mean particulate matter which passes through a
10
size-selective inlet as defined in the reference method for the sampling
and measurement of PM , EN 12341, with a 50% efficiency cut-off at
10
10 mum aerodynamic diameter;
19. "PM " shall mean particulate matter which passes through a
2,5
size-selective inlet as defined in the reference method for the sampling
and measurement of PM , EN 14907, with a 50% efficiency cut-off at
2,5
2,5 mum aerodynamic diameter;
20. "average exposure indicator" shall mean an average level determined on the basis of measurements at urban background locations throughout the territory of a Member State and which reflects population exposure. It is used to calculate the national exposure reduction target and the exposure concentration obligation;
21. "exposure concentration obligation" shall mean a level fixed on the basis of the average exposure indicator with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health, to be attained over a given period;
22. "national exposure reduction target" shall mean a percentage reduction of the average exposure of the population of a Member State set for the reference year with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health, to be attained where possible over a given period;
23. "urban background locations" shall mean places in urban areas where levels are representative of the exposure of the general urban population;
24. "oxides of nitrogen" shall mean the sum of the volume mixing ratio
(ppbv) of nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) and nitrogen dioxide expressed
3
in units of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide (mug/m );
25. "fixed measurements" shall mean measurements taken at fixed sites, either continuously or by random sampling, to determine the levels in accordance with the relevant data quality objectives;
26. "indicative measurements" shall mean measurements which meet data quality objectives that are less strict than those required for fixed measurements;
27. "volatile organic compounds" (VOC) shall mean organic compounds from anthropogenic and biogenic sources, other than methane, that are capable of producing photochemical oxidants by reactions with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight;
28. "ozone precursor substances" means substances which contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, some of which are listed in Annex X.
Responsibilities
Member States shall designate at the appropriate levels the competent authorities and bodies responsible for the following:
(a) assessment of ambient air quality;
(b) approval of measurement systems (methods, equipment, networks and laboratories);
(c) ensuring the accuracy of measurements;
(d) analysis of assessment methods;
(e) coordination on their territory if Community-wide quality assurance programmes are being organised by the Commission;
(f) cooperation with the other Member States and the Commission.
Where relevant, the competent authorities and bodies shall comply with Section C of Annex I.
Establishment of zones and agglomerations
Member States shall establish zones and agglomerations throughout their territory. Air quality assessment and air quality management shall be carried out in all zones and agglomerations.
ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN RELATION
TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
PARTICULATE MATTER, LEAD, BENZENE AND CARBON MONOXIDE
Assessment regime
1. The upper and lower assessment thresholds specified in Section A of
Annex II shall apply to sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of
nitrogen, particulate matter (PM and PM ), lead, benzene and carbon
10 2,5
monoxide.
Each zone and agglomeration shall be classified in relation to those assessment thresholds.
2. The classification referred to in paragraph 1 shall be reviewed at least every five years in accordance with the procedure laid down in Section B of Annex II.
However, classifications shall be reviewed more frequently in the event
of significant changes in activities relevant to the ambient concentrations
of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide or, where relevant, oxides of
nitrogen, particulate matter (PM , PM ), lead, benzene or carbon
10 2,5
monoxide.
Assessment criteria
1. Member States shall assess ambient air quality with respect to the pollutants referred to in Article 5 in all their zones and agglomerations, in accordance with the criteria laid down in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the criteria laid down in Annex III.
2. In all zones and agglomerations where the level of pollutants referred to in paragraph 1 exceeds the upper assessment threshold established for those pollutants, fixed measurements shall be used to assess the ambient air quality. Those fixed measurements may be supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements to provide adequate information on the spatial distribution of the ambient air quality.
3. In all zones and agglomerations where the level of pollutants referred to in paragraph 1 is below the upper assessment threshold established for those pollutants, a combination of fixed measurements and modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements may be used to assess the ambient air quality.
4. In all zones and agglomerations where the level of pollutants referred to in paragraph 1 is below the lower assessment threshold established for those pollutants, modelling techniques or objective-estimation techniques or both shall be sufficient for the assessment of the ambient air quality.
5. In addition to the assessments referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4,
measurements shall be made, at rural background locations away from
significant sources of air pollution, for the purposes of providing, as a
minimum, information on the total mass concentration and the chemical
speciation concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM ) on an annual
2,5
average basis and shall be conducted using the following criteria:
2
(a) one sampling point shall be installed every 100000 km ;
(b) each Member State shall set up at least one measuring station or may, by agreement with adjoining Member States, set up one or several common measuring stations, covering the relevant neighbouring zones, to achieve the necessary spatial resolution;
(c) where appropriate, monitoring shall be coordinated with the monitoring strategy and measurement programme of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP);
(d) Sections A and C of Annex I shall apply in relation to the data quality objectives for mass concentration measurements of particulate matter and Annex IV shall apply in its entirety.
Member States shall inform the Commission of the measurement methods
used in the measurement of the chemical composition of fine particulate
matter (PM ).
2,5
Sampling points
1. The location of sampling points for the measurement of sulphur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter (PM ,
10
PM ), lead, benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air shall be
2,5
determined using the criteria listed in Annex III.
2. In each zone or agglomeration where fixed measurements are the sole source of information for assessing air quality, the number of sampling points for each relevant pollutant shall not be less than the minimum number of sampling points specified in Section A of Annex V.
3. For zones and agglomerations within which information from fixed measurement sampling points is supplemented by information from modelling and/or indicative measurement, the total number of sampling points specified in Section A of Annex V may be reduced by up to 50%, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the supplementary methods provide sufficient information for the assessment of air quality with regard to limit values or alert thresholds, as well as adequate information for the public;
(b) the number of sampling points to be installed and the spatial resolution of other techniques are sufficient for the concentration of the relevant pollutant to be established in accordance with the data quality objectives specified in Section A of Annex I and enable assessment results to meet the criteria specified in Section B of Annex I.
The results of modelling and/or indicative measurement shall be taken into account for the assessment of air quality with respect to the limit values.
4. The application in Member States of the criteria for selecting sampling points shall be monitored by the Commission so as to facilitate the harmonised application of those criteria throughout the European Union.
Reference measurement methods
1. Member States shall apply the reference measurement methods and criteria specified in Section A and Section C of Annex VI.
2. Other measurement methods may be used subject to the conditions set out in Section B of Annex VI.
ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN RELATION TO OZONE
Assessment criteria
1. Where, in a zone or agglomeration, concentrations of ozone have exceeded the long-term objectives specified in Section C of Annex VII during any of the previous five years of measurement, fixed measurements shall be taken.
2. Where fewer than five years' data are available, Member States may, for the purposes of determining whether the long-term objectives referred to in paragraph 1 have been exceeded during those five years, combine the results from measurement campaigns of short duration carried out when and where levels are likely to be at their highest, with the results obtained from emission inventories and modelling.
Sampling points
1. The siting of sampling points for the measurement of ozone shall be determined using the criteria set out in Annex VIII.
2. The sampling points for fixed measurements of ozone in each zone or agglomeration within which measurement is the sole source of information for assessing air quality shall not be less than the minimum number of sampling points specified in Section A of Annex IX.
3. For zones and agglomerations within which information from sampling points for fixed measurements is supplemented by information from modelling and/or indicative measurements, the number of sampling points specified in Section A of Annex IX may be reduced provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the supplementary methods provide sufficient information for the assessment of air quality with regard to target values, long-term objectives, information and alert thresholds;
(b) the number of sampling points to be installed and the spatial resolution of other techniques are sufficient for the concentration of ozone to be established in accordance with the data quality objectives specified in Section A of Annex I and enable assessment results to meet the criteria specified in Section B of Annex I;
(c) the number of sampling points in each zone or agglomeration amounts
to at least one sampling point per two million inhabitants or one sampling
2
point per 50000 km , whichever produces the greater number of sampling
points, but must not be less than one sampling point in each zone or
agglomeration;
(d) nitrogen dioxide is measured at all remaining sampling points except at rural background stations as referred to in Section A of Annex VIII.
The results of modelling and/or indicative measurement shall be taken into account for the assessment of air quality with respect to the target values.
4. Nitrogen dioxide shall be measured at a minimum of 50% of the ozone sampling points required under Section A of Annex IX. That measurement shall be continuous except at rural background stations, as referred to in Section A of Annex VIII, where other measurement methods may be used.
5. In zones and agglomerations where, during each of the previous five years of measurement, concentrations are below the long-term objectives, the number of sampling points for fixed measurements shall be determined in accordance with Section B of Annex IX.
6. Each Member State shall ensure that at least one sampling point is installed and operated in its territory to supply data on concentrations of the ozone precursor substances listed in Annex X. Each Member State shall choose the number and siting of the stations at which ozone precursor substances are to be measured, taking into account the objectives and methods laid down in Annex X.
Reference measurement methods
1. Member States shall apply the reference method for measurement of ozone, set out in point 8 of Section A of Annex VI. Other measuring methods may be used subject to the conditions set out in Section B of Annex VI.
2. Each Member State shall inform the Commission of the methods it uses to sample and measure VOC, as listed in Annex X.
Requirements where levels are lower than the limit values
In zones and agglomerations where the levels of sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, PM , PM , lead, benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient
10 2,5
air are below the respective limit values specified in Annexes XI and XIV,
Member States shall maintain the levels of those pollutants below the limit
values and shall endeavour to preserve the best ambient air quality,
compatible with sustainable development.
Limit values and alert thresholds
for the protection of human health
1. Member States shall ensure that, throughout their zones and
agglomerations, levels of sulphur dioxide, PM , lead, and carbon monoxide
10
in ambient air do not exceed the limit values laid down in Annex XI.
In respect of nitrogen dioxide and benzene, the limit values specified in Annex XI may not be exceeded from the dates specified therein.
Compliance with these requirements shall be assessed in accordance with Annex III.
The margins of tolerance laid down in Annex XI shall apply in accordance with Article 22 (3) and Article 23 (1).
2. The alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in ambient air shall be those laid down in Section A of Annex XII.
Critical levels
1. Member States shall ensure compliance with the critical levels specified in Annex XIII as assessed in accordance with Section A of Annex III.
2. Where fixed measurements are the sole source of information for assessing air quality, the number of sampling points shall not be less than the minimum number specified in Section C of Annex V. Where that information is supplemented by indicative measurements or modelling, the minimum number of sampling points may be reduced by up to 50% so long as the assessed concentrations of the relevant pollutant can be established in accordance with the data quality objectives specified in Section A of Annex I.
National PM exposure reduction target
2,5
for the protection of human health
1. Member States shall take all necessary measures not entailing
disproportionate costs to reduce exposure to PM with a view to attaining
2,5
the national exposure reduction target laid down in Section B of Annex XIV
by the year specified therein.
2. Member States shall ensure that the average exposure indicator for the year 2015 established in accordance with Section A of Annex XIV does not exceed the exposure concentration obligation laid down in Section C of that Annex.
3. The average exposure indicator for PM shall be assessed in
2,5
accordance with Section A of Annex XIV.
4. Each Member State shall, in accordance with Annex III, ensure that
the distribution and the number of sampling points on which the average
exposure indicator for PM is based reflect the general population
2,5
exposure adequately. The number of sampling points shall be no less than
that determined by application of Section B of Annex V.
PM target value and limit value
2,5
for the protection of human health
1. Member States shall take all necessary measures not entailing
disproportionate costs to ensure that concentrations of PM in ambient
2,5
air do not exceed the target value laid down in Section D of Annex XIV as
from the date specified therein.
2. Member States shall ensure that concentrations of PM in ambient
2,5
air do not exceed the limit value laid down in Section E of Annex XIV
throughout their zones and agglomerations as from the date specified
therein. Compliance with this requirement shall be assessed in accordance
with Annex III.
3. The margin of tolerance laid down in Section E of Annex XIV shall apply in accordance with Article 23 (1).
Requirements in zones and agglomerations where ozone
concentrations exceed the target values and long-term
objectives
1. Member States shall take all necessary measures not entailing disproportionate costs to ensure that the target values and long-term objectives are attained.
2. For zones and agglomerations in which a target value is exceeded, Member States shall ensure that the programme prepared pursuant to Article 6 of Directive 2001/81/EC and, if appropriate, an air quality plan is implemented in order to attain the target values, save where not achievable through measures not entailing disproportionate costs, as from the date specified in Section B of Annex VII to this Directive.
3. For zones and agglomerations in which the levels of ozone in ambient air are higher than the long-term objectives but below, or equal to, the target values, Member States shall prepare and implement cost-effective measures with the aim of achieving the long-term objectives. Those measures shall, at least, be consistent with all the air quality plans and the programme referred to in paragraph 2.
Requirements in zones and agglomerations where ozone
concentrations meet the long-term objectives
In zones and agglomerations in which ozone levels meet the long-term objectives, Member States shall, in so far as factors including the transboundary nature of ozone pollution and meteorological conditions permit, maintain those levels below the long-term objectives and shall preserve through proportionate measures the best ambient air quality compatible with sustainable development and a high level of environmental and human health protection.
Measures required in the event of information
or alert thresholds being exceeded
Where the information threshold specified in Annex XII or any of the alert thresholds laid down therein is exceeded, Member States shall take the necessary steps to inform the public by means of radio, television, newspapers or the Internet.
Member States shall also forward to the Commission, on a provisional basis, information concerning the levels recorded and the duration of the periods during which the alert threshold or information threshold was exceeded.
Contributions from natural sources
1. Member States shall transmit to the Commission, for a given year, lists of zones and agglomerations where exceedances of limit values for a given pollutant are attributable to natural sources. Member States shall provide information on concentrations and sources and the evidence demonstrating that the exceedances are attributable to natural sources.
2. Where the Commission has been informed of an exceedance attributable to natural sources in accordance with paragraph 1, that exceedance shall not be considered as an exceedance for the purposes of this Directive.
3. The Commission shall by 11 June 2010 publish guidelines for demonstration and subtraction of exceedances attributable to natural sources.
Exceedances attributable to winter-sanding
or -salting of roads
1. Member States may designate zones or agglomerations within which
limit values for PM are exceeded in ambient air due to the re-suspension
10
of particulates following winter-sanding or -salting of roads.
2. Member States shall send the Commission lists of any such zones or
agglomerations together with information on concentrations and sources of
PM therein.
10
3. When informing the Commission in accordance with Article 27, Member States shall provide the necessary evidence to demonstrate that any exceedances are due to re-suspended particulates and that reasonable measures have been taken to lower the concentrations.
4. Without prejudice to Article 20, in the case of zones and
agglomerations referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, Member States
need to establish the air quality plan provided for in Article 23 only in
so far as exceedances are attributable to PM sources other than
10
winter-sanding or -salting of roads.
5. The Commission shall by 11 June 2010 publish guidelines for determination of contributions from the re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or -salting of roads.
Postponement of attainment deadlines and exemption
from the obligation to apply certain limit values
1. Where, in a given zone or agglomeration, conformity with the limit values for nitrogen dioxide or benzene cannot be achieved by the deadlines specified in Annex XI, a Member State may postpone those deadlines by a maximum of five years for that particular zone or agglomeration, on condition that an air quality plan is established in accordance with Article 23 for the zone or agglomeration to which the postponement would apply; such air quality plan shall be supplemented by the information listed in Section B of Annex XV related to the pollutants concerned and shall demonstrate how conformity will be achieved with the limit values before the new deadline.
2. Where, in a given zone or agglomeration, conformity with the limit
values for PM as specified in Annex XI cannot be achieved because of
10
site-specific dispersion characteristics, adverse climatic conditions or
transboundary contributions, a Member State shall be exempt from the
obligation to apply those limit values until 11 June 2011 provided that the
conditions laid down in paragraph 1 are fulfilled and that the Member State
shows that all appropriate measures have been taken at national, regional
and local level to meet the deadlines.
3. Where a Member State applies paragraphs 1 or 2, it shall ensure that the limit value for each pollutant is not exceeded by more than the maximum margin of tolerance specified in Annex XI for each of the pollutants concerned.
4. Member States shall notify the Commission where, in their view, paragraphs 1 or 2 are applicable, and shall communicate the air quality plan referred to in paragraph 1 including all relevant information necessary for the Commission to assess whether or not the relevant conditions are satisfied. In its assessment, the Commission shall take into account estimated effects on ambient air quality in the Member States, at present and in the future, of measures that have been taken by the Member States as well as estimated effects on ambient air quality of current Community measures and planned Community measures to be proposed by the Commission.
Where the Commission has raised no objections within nine months of receipt of that notification, the relevant conditions for the application of paragraphs 1 or 2 shall be deemed to be satisfied.
If objections are raised, the Commission may require Member States to adjust or provide new air quality plans.
Air quality plans
1. Where, in given zones or agglomerations, the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed any limit value or target value, plus any relevant margin of tolerance in each case, Member States shall ensure that air quality plans are established for those zones and agglomerations in order to achieve the related limit value or target value specified in Annexes XI and XIV.
In the event of exceedances of those limit values for which the attainment deadline is already expired, the air quality plans shall set out appropriate measures, so that the exceedance period can be kept as short as possible. The air quality plans may additionally include specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population groups, including children.
Those air quality plans shall incorporate at least the information listed in Section A of Annex XV and may include measures pursuant to Article 24. Those plans shall be communicated to the Commission without delay, but no later than two years after the end of the year the first exceedance was observed.
Where air quality plans must be prepared or implemented in respect of several pollutants, Member States shall, where appropriate, prepare and implement integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants concerned.
2. Member States shall, to the extent feasible, ensure consistency with other plans required under Directive 2001/80/EC, Directive 2001/81/EC or Directive 2002/49/EC in order to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.
Short-term action plans
1. Where, in a given zone or agglomeration, there is a risk that the levels of pollutants will exceed one or more of the alert thresholds specified in Annex XII, Member States shall draw up action plans indicating the measures to be taken in the short term in order to reduce the risk or duration of such an exceedance. Where this risk applies to one or more limit values or target values specified in Annexes VII, XI and XIV, Member States may, where appropriate, draw up such short-term action plans.
However, where there is a risk that the alert threshold for ozone specified in Section B of Annex XII will be exceeded, Member States shall only draw up such short-term action plans when in their opinion there is a significant potential, taking into account national geographical, meteorological and economic conditions, to reduce the risk, duration or severity of such an exceedance. When drawing up such a short-term action plan Member States shall take account of Decision 2004/279/EC.
2. The short-term action plans referred to in paragraph 1 may, depending on the individual case, provide for effective measures to control and, where necessary, suspend activities which contribute to the risk of the respective limit values or target values or alert threshold being exceeded. Those action plans may include measures in relation to motor-vehicle traffic, construction works, ships at berth, and the use of industrial plants or products and domestic heating. Specific actions aiming at the protection of sensitive population groups, including children, may also be considered in the framework of those plans.
3. When Member States have drawn up a short-term action plan, they shall make available to the public and to appropriate organisations such as environmental organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive population groups, other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations both the results of their investigations on the feasibility and the content of specific short-term action plans as well as information on the implementation of these plans.
4. For the first time before 11 June 2010 and at regular intervals thereafter, the Commission shall publish examples of best practices for the drawing-up of short-term action plans, including examples of best practices for the protection of sensitive population groups, including children.
Transboundary air pollution
1. Where any alert threshold, limit value or target value plus any relevant margin of tolerance or long-term objective is exceeded due to significant transboundary transport of air pollutants or their precursors, the Member States concerned shall cooperate and, where appropriate, draw up joint activities, such as the preparation of joint or coordinated air quality plans pursuant to Article 23 in order to remove such exceedances through the application of appropriate but proportionate measures.
2. The Commission shall be invited to be present and to assist in any cooperation referred to in paragraph 1. Where appropriate, the Commission shall, taking into account the reports established pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2001/81/EC, consider whether further action should be taken at Community level in order to reduce precursor emissions responsible for transboundary pollution.
3. Member States shall, if appropriate pursuant to Article 24, prepare and implement joint short-term action plans covering neighbouring zones in other Member States. Member States shall ensure that neighbouring zones in other Member States which have developed short-term action plans receive all appropriate information.
4. Where the information threshold or alert thresholds are exceeded in zones or agglomerations close to national borders, information shall be provided as soon as possible to the competent authorities in the neighbouring Member States concerned. That information shall also be made available to the public.
5. In drawing up plans as provided for in paragraphs 1 and 3 and in informing the public as referred to in paragraph 4, Member States shall, where appropriate, endeavour to pursue cooperation with third countries, and in particular with candidate countries.
Public information
1. Member States shall ensure that the public as well as appropriate organisations such as environmental organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive populations, other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations are informed, adequately and in good time, of the following:
(a) ambient air quality in accordance with Annex XVI;
(b) any postponement decisions pursuant to Article 22 (1);
(c) any exemptions pursuant to Article 22 (2);
(d) air quality plans as provided for in Article 22 (1) and Article 23 and programmes referred to in Article 17 (2).
The information shall be made available free of charge by means of any easily accessible media including the Internet or any other appropriate means of telecommunication, and shall take into account the provisions laid down in Directive 2007/2/EC.
2. Member States shall make available to the public annual reports for all pollutants covered by this Directive.
Those reports shall summarise the levels exceeding limit values, target values, long-term objectives, information thresholds and alert thresholds, for the relevant averaging periods. That information shall be combined with a summary assessment of the effects of those exceedances. The reports may include, where appropriate, further information and assessments on forest protection as well as information on other pollutants for which monitoring provisions are specified in this Directive, such as, inter alia, selected non-regulated ozone precursor substances as listed in Section B of Annex X.
3. Member States shall inform the public of the competent authority or body designated in relation to the tasks referred to in Article 3.
Transmission of information and reporting
1. Member States shall ensure that information on ambient air quality is made available to the Commission within the required timescale as determined by the implementing measures referred to in Article 28 (2).
2. In any event, for the specific purpose of assessing compliance with the limit values and critical levels and the attainment of target values, such information shall be made available to the Commission no later than nine months after the end of each year and shall include:
(a) the changes made in that year to the list and delimitation of zones and agglomerations established under Article 4;
(b) the list of zones and agglomerations in which the levels of one or more pollutants are higher than the limit values plus the margin of tolerance where applicable or higher than target values or critical levels; and for these zones and agglomerations:
(i) levels assessed and, if relevant, the dates and periods when such levels were observed;
(ii) if appropriate, an assessment on contributions from natural sources and from re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or -salting of roads to the levels assessed, as declared to the Commission under Articles 20 and 21.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall apply to information collected as from the beginning of the second calendar year after the entry into force of the implementing measures referred to in Article 28 (2).
Implementing measures
1. Measures designed to amend the non-essential elements of this Directive, namely Annexes I to VI, Annexes VIII to X and Annex XV, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 29 (3).
However, the amendments may not have the effect of directly or indirectly modifying either of the following:
(a) the limit values, exposure reduction targets, critical levels, target values, information or alert thresholds or long-term objectives specified in Annex VII and Annexes XI to XIV;
(b) the dates for compliance with any of the parameters referred to in point (a).
2. The Commission shall, in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 29 (2), determine the additional information to be made available by Member States pursuant to Article 27 as well as the timescales in which such information is to be communicated.
The Commission shall also identify ways of streamlining the way data are reported and the reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States, in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 29 (2).
3. The Commission shall draw up guidelines for the agreements on setting up common measuring stations as referred to in Article 6 (5).
4. The Commission shall publish guidance on the demonstration of equivalence referred to in Section B of Annex VI.
Committee
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee, "the Ambient Air Quality Committee".
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 5 (6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a (1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
Penalties
Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Repeal and transitional provisions
1. Directives 96/62/EC, 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC shall be repealed as from 11 June 2010, without prejudice to the obligations on the Member States relating to time-limits for transposition or application of those Directives.
However, from 11 June 2008, the following shall apply:
(a) in Directive 96/62/EC, paragraph 1 of Article 12 shall be replaced by the following:
"1. The detailed arrangements for forwarding the information to be provided under Article 11 shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraph 3.";
(b) in Directive 1999/30/EC, Article 7 (7), footnote 1 in point I of Annex VIII and point VI of Annex IX shall be deleted;
(c) in Directive 2000/69/EC, Article 5 (7) and point III in Annex VII shall be deleted;
(d) in Directive 2002/3/EC, Article 9 (5) and point II of Annex VIII shall be deleted.
2. Notwithstanding the first subparagraph of paragraph 1, the following Articles shall remain in force:
(a) Article 5 of Directive 96/62/EC until 31 December 2010;
(b) Article 11 (1) of Directive 96/62/EC and Article 10 (1), (2) and (3) of Directive 2002/3/EC until the end of the second calendar year following the entry into force of the implementing measures referred to in Article 28 (2) of this Directive;
(c) Article 9 (3) and (4) of Directive 1999/30/EC until 31 December 2009.
3. References made to the repealed Directives shall be construed as being made to this Directive and should be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex XVII.
4. Decision 97/101/EC shall be repealed with effect from the end of the second calendar year following the entry into force of the implementing measures referred to in Article 28 (2) of this Directive.
However, the third, fourth and fifth indents of Article 7 of Decision 97/101/EC shall be deleted with effect from 11 June 2008.
Review
1. In 2013 the Commission shall review the provisions related to PM
2,5
and, as appropriate, other pollutants, and shall present a proposal to the
European Parliament and the Council.
As regards PM , the review shall be undertaken with a view to
2,5
establishing a legally binding national exposure reduction obligation in
order to replace the national exposure reduction target and to review the
exposure concentration obligation laid down in Article 15, taking into
account, inter alia, the following elements:
- latest scientific information from WHO and other relevant organisations,
- air quality situations and reduction potentials in the Member States,
- the revision of Directive 2001/81/EC,
- progress made in implementing Community reduction measures for air pollutants.
2. The Commission shall take into account the feasibility of adopting a
more ambitious limit value for PM , shall review the indicative limit
2,5
value of the second stage for PM and consider confirming or altering
2,5
that value.
3. As part of the review, the Commission shall also prepare a report on
the experience and on the necessity of monitoring of PM and PM , taking
10 2,5
into account technical progress in automatic measuring techniques. If
appropriate, new reference methods for the measurement of PM and PM
10 2,5
shall be proposed.
Transposition
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 11 June 2010. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those measures.
When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
2. However, Member States shall ensure that a sufficient number of
urban background measurement stations of PM necessary for the
2,5
calculation of the Average Exposure Indicator, in accordance with Section B
of Annex V, is established at the latest by 1 January 2009, in order to
comply with the timeframe and the conditions indicated in Section A of
Annex XIV.
3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Strasbourg, 21 May 2008.
DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
air quality assessment
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? Sulphur ?Benzene?Particulate ? Ozone and ?
? ? dioxide, ? ? matter ? related ?
? ? nitrogen ? ?(PM /PM )? NO and NO ?
? ? dioxide ? ? 10 2,5 ? 2 ?
? ? and oxides ? ? and lead ? ?
? ?of nitrogen ? ? ? ?
? ? and carbon ? ? ? ?
? ? monoxide ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Uncertainty ? 15%? 25%? 25%? 15%?
?Minimum data capture ? 90%? 90%? 90%?90% during ?
? ? ? ? ?summer ?
? ? ? ? ?75% during ?
? ? ? ? ?winter ?
?- urban background ? - ? 35%? - ? - ?
?and traffic ? ? <2>? ? ?
?- industrial sites ? - ? 90%? - ? - ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?measurements ? ? ? ? ?
?Uncertainty ? 25%? 30%? 50%? 30%?
?Minimum data capture ? 90%? 90%? 90%? 90%?
?Minimum time coverage ? 14%? 14%? 14%?> 10% during ?
? ? <4>? <3>? <4>?summer ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Hourly ? 50%? - ? - ? 50%?
?Eight-hour averages ? 50%? - ? - ? 50%?
?Daily averages ? 50%? - ?not yet ? - ?
? ? ? ?defined ? ?
?Annual averages ? 30%? 50%? 50%? - ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Objective estimation ? ? ? ? ?
?Uncertainty ? 75%? 100%? 100%? 75%?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<1> Member States may apply random measurements instead of continuous
measurements for benzene, lead and particulate matter if they can
demonstrate to the Commission that the uncertainty, including the
uncertainty due to random sampling, meets the quality objective of 25% and
the time coverage is still larger than the minimum time coverage for
indicative measurements. Random sampling must be evenly distributed over
the year in order to avoid skewing of results. The uncertainty due to
random sampling may be determined by the procedure laid down in ISO 11222
(2002) "Air Quality - Determination of the Uncertainty of the Time Average
of Air Quality Measurements". If random measurements are used to assess the
requirements of the PM limit value, the 90,4 percentile (to be lower
10
3
than or equal to 50 mug/m ) should be evaluated instead of the number of
exceedances, which is highly influenced by data coverage.
<2> Distributed over the year to be representative of various conditions for climate and traffic.
<3> One day's measurement a week at random, evenly distributed over the year, or eight weeks evenly distributed over the year.
<4> One measurement a week at random, evenly distributed over the year, or eight weeks evenly distributed over the year.
The uncertainty (expressed at a 95% confidence level) of the assessment methods will be evaluated in accordance with the principles of the CEN Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ENV 13005-1999), the methodology of ISO 5725:1994 and the guidance provided in the CEN report "Air Quality - Approach to Uncertainty Estimation for Ambient Air Reference Measurement Methods" (CR 14377:2002E). The percentages for uncertainty in the above table are given for individual measurements averaged over the period considered by the limit value (or target value in the case of ozone), for a 95% confidence interval. The uncertainty for the fixed measurements shall be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate limit value (or target value in the case of ozone).
The uncertainty for modelling is defined as the maximum deviation of the measured and calculated concentration levels for 90% of individual monitoring points, over the period considered, by the limit value (or target value in the case of ozone), without taking into account the timing of the events. The uncertainty for modelling shall be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate limit value (or target value in the case of ozone). The fixed measurements that have to be selected for comparison with modelling results shall be representative of the scale covered by the model.
The uncertainty for objective estimation is defined as the maximum deviation of the measured and calculated concentration levels, over the period considered, by the limit value (or target value in the case of ozone), without taking into account the timing of the events.
The requirements for minimum data capture and time coverage do not include losses of data due to the regular calibration or the normal maintenance of the instrumentation.
The following information shall be compiled for zones or agglomerations within which sources other than measurement are employed to supplement information from measurement or as the sole means of air quality assessment:
- a description of assessment activities carried out,
- the specific methods used, with references to descriptions of the method,
- the sources of data and information,
- a description of results, including uncertainties and, in particular, the extent of any area or, if relevant, the length of road within the zone or agglomeration over which concentrations exceed any limit value, target value or long-term objective plus margin of tolerance, if applicable, and of any area within which concentrations exceed the upper assessment threshold or the lower assessment threshold,
- the population potentially exposed to levels in excess of any limit value for protection of human health.
assessment: data validation
1. To ensure accuracy of measurements and compliance with the data quality objectives laid down in Section A, the appropriate competent authorities and bodies designated pursuant to Article 3 shall ensure the following:
- that all measurements undertaken in relation to the assessment of ambient air quality pursuant to Articles 6 and 9 are traceable in accordance with the requirements set out in Section 5.6.2.2 of the ISO/IEC 17025:2005,
- that institutions operating networks and individual stations have an established quality assurance and quality control system which provides for regular maintenance to assure the accuracy of measuring devices,
- that a quality assurance/quality control process is established for the process of data collection and reporting and that institutions appointed for this task actively participate in the related Community-wide quality assurance programmes,
- that the national laboratories, when appointed by the appropriate competent authority or body designated pursuant to Article 3, that are taking part in Community-wide intercomparisons covering pollutants regulated in this Directive, are accredited according to EN/ISO 17025 by 2010 for the reference methods referred to in Annex VI. These laboratories shall be involved in the coordination on Member States territory of the Community wide quality assurance programmes to be organised by the Commission and shall also coordinate, on the national level, the appropriate realisation of reference methods and the demonstration of equivalence of non-reference methods.
2. All reported data under Article 27 shall be deemed to be valid except data flagged as provisional.
DETERMINATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR ASSESSMENT
OF CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE
AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM AND PM ),
10 2,5
LEAD, BENZENE AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN AMBIENT AIR
WITHIN A ZONE OR AGGLOMERATION
The following upper and lower assessment thresholds will apply:
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? Health protection ? Vegetation ?
? ? ? protection ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Upper assessment ?60% of 24-hour limit value ?60% of winter ?
?threshold ? 3 ?critical level ?
? ?(75 mug/m , not to be exceeded more? 3 ?
? ?than 3 times in any calendar year) ?(12 mug/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Lower assessment ?40% of 24-hour limit value ?40% of winter ?
?threshold ? 3 ?critical level ?
? ?(50 mug/m , not to be exceeded more? 3 ?
? ?than three times in any calendar ?(8 mug/m ) ?
? ?year) ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ?Hourly limit value for the ?Annual limit ?Annual critical?
? ?protection of human health ?value for the? level for the ?
? ? (NO ) ?protection of? protection of ?
? ? 2 ?human health ? vegetation ?
? ? ? (NO ) ? and natural ?
? ? ? 2 ? ecosystems ?
? ? ? ? (NO ) ?
? ? ? ? x ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Upper ?70% of limit value ?80% of ?80% of critical?
?assessment ? 3 ?limit value ?level ?
?threshold ?(140 mug/m , not to be ? 3 ? 3 ?
? ?exceeded more than 18 times?(32 mug/m ) ?(24 mug/m ) ?
? ?in any calendar year) ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Lower ?50% of limit value ?65% of ?65% of critical?
?assessment ? 3 ?limit value ?level ?
?threshold ?(100 mug/m , not to be ? 3 ? 3 ?
? ?exceeded more than 18 times?(26 mug/m ) ?(19,5 mug/m ) ?
? ?in any calendar year) ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
10 2,5
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 24-hour average PM ? Annual ?Annual average?
? ? 10 ?average PM ? PM <*> ?
? ? ? 10? 2,5 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Upper ?70% of limit value ?70% of ?70% of ?
?assessment ? 3 ?limit value?limit value ?
?threshold ?(35 mg/m , not to be exceeded? 3 ? 3 ?
? ?more than 35 times in any ?(28 mug/m ) ?(17 mug/m ) ?
? ?calendar year) ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Lower ?50% of limit value ?50% of ?50% of ?
?assessment ? 3 ?limit value ?limit value ?
?threshold ?(25 mg/m , not to be exceeded? 3 ? 3 ?
? ?more than 35 times in any ?(20 mug/m ) ?(12 mug/m ) ?
? ?calendar year) ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?<*> The upper assessment threshold and the lower assessment threshold ?
?for PM do not apply to the measurements to assess compliance with the ?
? 2,5 ?
?PM exposure reduction target for the protection of human health. ?
? 2,5 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? Annual average ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Upper assessment threshold ?70% of limit value (0,35 mug/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Lower assessment threshold ?50% of limit value (0,25 mug/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? Annual average ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Upper assessment threshold ?70% of limit value (3,5 mug/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Lower assessment threshold ?40% of limit value (2 mug/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? Eight-hour average ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Upper assessment threshold ?70% of limit value (7 mg/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ?
?Lower assessment threshold ?50% of limit value (5 mg/m ) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
and lower assessment thresholds
Exceedances of upper and lower assessment thresholds shall be determined on the basis of concentrations during the previous five years where sufficient data are available. An assessment threshold shall be deemed to have been exceeded if it has been exceeded during at least three separate years out of those previous five years.
Where fewer than five years' data are available, Member States may combine measurement campaigns of short duration during the period of the year and at locations likely to be typical of the highest pollution levels with results obtained from information from emission inventories and modelling to determine exceedances of the upper and lower assessment thresholds.
ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND LOCATION
OF SAMPLING POINTS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SULPHUR
DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
PARTICULATE MATTER (PM AND PM ), LEAD,
10 2,5
BENZENE AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN AMBIENT AIR
Ambient air quality shall be assessed in all zones and agglomerations in accordance with the following criteria:
1. Ambient air quality shall be assessed at all locations except those listed in paragraph 2, in accordance with the criteria established by Sections B and C for the location of sampling points for fixed measurement. The principles established by Sections B and C shall also apply in so far as they are relevant in identifying the specific locations in which concentration of the relevant pollutants are established where ambient air quality is assessed by indicative measurement or modelling.
2. Compliance with the limit values directed at the protection of human health shall not be assessed at the following locations:
(a) any locations situated within areas where members of the public do not have access and there is no fixed habitation;
(b) in accordance with Article 2 (1), on factory premises or at industrial installations to which all relevant provisions concerning health and safety at work apply;
(c) on the carriageway of roads; and on the central reservations of roads except where there is normally pedestrian access to the central reservation.
(a) Sampling points directed at the protection of human health shall be sited in such a way as to provide data on the following:
- the areas within zones and agglomerations where the highest concentrations occur to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit value(s),
- levels in other areas within the zones and agglomerations which are representative of the exposure of the general population,
(b) Sampling points shall in general be sited in such a way as to avoid measuring very small micro-environments in their immediate vicinity, which means that a sampling point must be sited in such a way that the air sampled is representative of air quality for a street segment no less than 100 m length at traffic-orientated sites and at least 250 m x 250 m at industrial sites, where feasible;
(c) Urban background locations shall be located so that their pollution level is influenced by the integrated contribution from all sources upwind of the station. The pollution level should not be dominated by a single source unless such a situation is typical for a larger urban area. Those sampling points shall, as a general rule, be representative for several square kilometres;
(d) Where the objective is to assess rural background levels, the sampling point shall not be influenced by agglomerations or industrial sites in its vicinity, i.e. sites closer than five kilometres;
(e) Where contributions from industrial sources are to be assessed, at least one sampling point shall be installed downwind of the source in the nearest residential area. Where the background concentration is not known, an additional sampling point shall be situated within the main wind direction;
(f) Sampling points shall, where possible, also be representative of similar locations not in their immediate vicinity;
(g) Account shall be taken of the need to locate sampling points on islands where that is necessary for the protection of human health.
Sampling points targeted at the protection of vegetation and natural
ecosystems shall be sited more than 20 km away from agglomerations or more
than 5 km away from other built-up areas, industrial installations or
motorways or major roads with traffic counts of more than 50000 vehicles
per day, which means that a sampling point must be sited in such a way that
the air sampled is representative of air quality in a surrounding area of
2
at least 1000 km . A Member State may provide for a sampling point to be
sited at a lesser distance or to be representative of air quality in a less
extended area, taking account of geographical conditions or of the
opportunities to protect particularly vulnerable areas.
Account shall be taken of the need to assess air quality on islands.
In so far as is practicable, the following shall apply:
- the flow around the inlet sampling probe shall be unrestricted (free in an arc of at least 270°) without any obstructions affecting the airflow in the vicinity of the sampler (normally some metres away from buildings, balconies, trees and other obstacles and at least 0,5 m from the nearest building in the case of sampling points representing air quality at the building line),
- in general, the inlet sampling point shall be between 1,5 m (the breathing zone) and 4 m above the ground. Higher positions (up to 8 m) may be necessary in some circumstances. Higher siting may also be appropriate if the station is representative of a large area,
- the inlet probe shall not be positioned in the immediate vicinity of sources in order to avoid the direct intake of emissions unmixed with ambient air,
- the sampler's exhaust outlet shall be positioned so that recirculation of exhaust air to the sampler inlet is avoided,
- for all pollutants, traffic-orientated sampling probes shall be at least 25 m from the edge of major junctions and no more than 10 m from the kerbside.
The following factors may also be taken into account:
- interfering sources,
- security,
- access,
- availability of electrical power and telephone communications,
- visibility of the site in relation to its surroundings,
- safety of the public and operators,
- the desirability of co-locating sampling points for different pollutants,
- planning requirements.
The site-selection procedures shall be fully documented at the classification stage by such means as compass-point photographs of the surrounding area and a detailed map. Sites shall be reviewed at regular intervals with repeated documentation to ensure that selection criteria remain valid over time.
MEASUREMENTS AT RURAL BACKGROUND LOCATIONS
IRRESPECTIVE OF CONCENTRATION
The main objectives of such measurements are to ensure that adequate information is made available on levels in the background. This information is essential to judge the enhanced levels in more polluted areas (such as urban background, industry related locations, traffic related locations), assess the possible contribution from long-range transport of air pollutants, support source apportionment analysis and for the understanding of specific pollutants such as particulate matter. It is also essential for the increased use of modelling also in urban areas.
Measurement of PM must include at least the total mass concentration
2,5
and concentrations of appropriate compounds to characterise its chemical
composition. At least the list of chemical species given below shall be
included.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 2- ? + ? + ? 2+ ? ?
?SO ?Na ?NH ?Ca ?elemental carbon (EC) ?
? 4 ? ? 4 ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? - ? + ? - ? 2+ ? ?
?NO ?K ?Cl ?Mg ?organic carbon (OC) ?
? 3 ? ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Measurements should be taken in particular in rural background areas in accordance with parts A, B and C of Annex III.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MINIMUM NUMBERS OF SAMPLING
POINTS FOR FIXED MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR
DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
PARTICULATE MATTER (PM , PM ), LEAD, BENZENE
10 2,5
AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN AMBIENT AIR
TO ASSESS COMPLIANCE WITH LIMIT VALUES FOR THE PROTECTION
OF HUMAN HEALTH AND ALERT THRESHOLDS IN ZONES AND
AGGLOMERATIONS WHERE FIXED MEASUREMENT
IS THE SOLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Population of ?If maximum concentrations ?If maximum concentrations are?
?agglomeration or? exceed the upper ? between the upper and lower ?
?zone (thousands)? assessment threshold <*> ? assessment thresholds ?
? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ?Pollutants?PM <**> (sum of?Pollutants ?PM <**> (sum of ?
? ?except PM ?PM and PM )? except PM ?PM and PM ) ?
? ? ? 10 2,5 ? ? 10 2,5) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?0 - 249 ? 1? 2? 1? 1 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?250 - 499 ? 2? 3? 1? 2 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?500 - 749 ? 2? 3? 1? 2 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?750 - 999 ? 3? 4? 1? 2 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1000 - 1499 ? 4? 6? 2? 3 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1500 - 1999 ? 5? 7? 2? 3 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2000 - 2749 ? 6? 8? 3? 4 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2750 - 3749 ? 7? 10? 3? 4 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?3750 - 4749 ? 8? 11? 3? 6 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4750 - 5999 ? 9? 13? 4? 6 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?>= 6000 ? 10? 15? 4? 7 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> For nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene and carbon
monoxide: to include at least one urban background monitoring station and
one traffic-orientated station provided this does not increase the number
of sampling points. For these pollutants, the total number of
urban-background stations and the total number of traffic oriented stations
in a Member State required under Section A (1) shall not differ by more
than a factor of 2. Sampling points with exceedances of the limit value for
PM within the last three years shall be maintained, unless a relocation
10
is necessary owing to special circumstances, in particular spatial
development.
<**> Where PM and PM are measured in accordance with Article 8 at
2,5 10
the same monitoring station, these shall count as two separate sampling
points. The total number of PM and PM sampling points in a Member
2,5 10
State required under Section A (1) shall not differ by more than a factor
of 2, and the number of PM sampling points in the urban background of
2,5
agglomerations and urban areas shall meet the requirements under Section B
of Annex V.
For the assessment of pollution in the vicinity of point sources, the number of sampling points for fixed measurement shall be calculated taking into account emission densities, the likely distribution patterns of ambient-air pollution and the potential exposure of the population.
MEASUREMENT TO ASSESS COMPLIANCE WITH THE PM EXPOSURE
2,5
REDUCTION TARGET FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH
One sampling point per million inhabitants summed over agglomerations and additional urban areas in excess of 100000 inhabitants shall be operated for this purpose. Those sampling points may coincide with sampling points under Section A.
MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS COMPLIANCE WITH CRITICAL LEVELS
FOR THE PROTECTION OF VEGETATION IN ZONES
OTHER THAN AGGLOMERATIONS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?If maximum concentrations exceed ?If maximum concentrations are between?
?the upper assessment threshold ?upper and lower assessment threshold ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 2 ? 2 ?
?1 station every 20000 km ?1 station every 40000 km ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
In island zones the number of sampling points for fixed measurement should be calculated taking into account the likely distribution patterns of ambient-air pollution and the potential exposure of vegetation.
REFERENCE METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS
OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
PARTICULATE MATTER (PM AND PM ), LEAD, BENZENE,
10 2,5
CARBON MONOXIDE, AND OZONE
The reference method for the measurement of sulphur dioxide is that described in EN 14212:2005 "Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of sulphur dioxide by ultraviolet fluorescence".
and oxides of nitrogen
The reference method for the measurement of nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen is that described in EN 14211:2005 "Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide by chemiluminescence".
The reference method for the sampling of lead is that described in
Section A (4) of this Annex. The reference method for the measurement of
lead is that described in EN 14902:2005 "Standard method for measurement of
Pb/Cd/As/Ni in the PM fraction of suspended particulate matter".
10
measurement of PM
10
The reference method for the sampling and measurement of PM is that
10
described in EN 12341:1999 "Air Quality - Determination of the PM
10
fraction of suspended particulate matter - Reference method and field test
procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods".
measurement of PM
2,5
The reference method for the sampling and measurement of PM is that
2,5
described in EN 14907:2005 "Standard gravimetric measurement method for the
determination of the PM mass fraction of suspended particulate matter".
2,5
measurement of benzene
The reference method for the measurement of benzene is that described in EN 14662:2005, parts 1, 2 and 3 "Ambient air quality - Standard method for measurement of benzene concentrations".
The reference method for the measurement of carbon monoxide is that described in EN 14626:2005 "Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of carbon monoxide by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy".
The reference method for the measurement of ozone is that described in EN 14625:2005 "Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of ozone by ultraviolet photometry".
1. A Member State may use any other method which it can demonstrate gives results equivalent to any of the methods referred to in Section A or, in the case of particulate matter, any other method which the Member State concerned can demonstrate displays a consistent relationship to the reference method. In that event the results achieved by that method must be corrected to produce results equivalent to those that would have been achieved by using the reference method.
2. The Commission may require the Member States to prepare and submit a report on the demonstration of equivalence in accordance with paragraph 1.
3. When assessing the acceptability of the report mentioned in paragraph 2, the Commission will make reference to its guidance on the demonstration of equivalence (to be published). Where Member States have been using interim factors to approximate equivalence, the latter shall be confirmed and/or amended with reference to the Commission's guidance.
4. Member States should ensure that whenever appropriate, the correction is also applied retroactively to past measurement data in order to achieve better data comparability.
For gaseous pollutants the volume must be standardised at a temperature of 293 K and an atmospheric pressure of 101,3 kPa. For particulate matter and substances to be analysed in particulate matter (e.g. lead) the sampling volume refers to ambient conditions in terms of temperature and atmospheric pressure at the date of measurements.
All new equipment purchased for implementation of this Directive must comply with the reference method or equivalent by 11 June 2010.
All equipment used in fixed measurements must comply with the reference method or equivalent by 11 June 2013.
In carrying out the type approval to demonstrate that equipment meets the performance requirements of the reference methods listed in Section A, competent authorities and bodies designated pursuant to Article 3 shall accept test reports issued in other Member States by laboratories accredited to EN ISO 17025 for carrying out such testing.
OZONE TARGET VALUES AND LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES
3
AOT40 (expressed in (mug/m ) x hours) means the sum of the difference
3
between hourly concentrations greater than 80 mug/m (= 40 parts per
3
billion) and 80 mug/m over a given period using only the one-hour values
measured between 8.00 and 20.00 Central European Time (CET) each day.
The following criteria shall be used for checking validity when aggregating data and calculating statistical parameters:
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Parameter ? Required proportion of valid data ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?One hour values ?75% (i.e. 45 minutes) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Eight hours values ?75% of values (i.e. six hours) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Maximum daily 8 hours ?75% of the hourly running eight hours averages ?
?mean from hourly running ?(i.e. 18 eight-hourly averages per day) ?
?8 hours ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?AOT40 ?90% of the one hour values over the time ?
? ?period defined for calculating the AOT40 ?
? ?value <*> ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Annual mean ?75% of the one hour values over summer (April ?
? ?to September) and 75% over winter (January to ?
? ?March, October to December) seasons separately ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Number of exceedances ?90% of the daily maximum eight hours mean ?
?and maximum values per ?values (27 available daily values per month) ?
?month ?90% of the one hour values between 8.00 and ?
? ?20.00 CET ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Number of exceedances and?five out of six months over the summer ?
?maximum values per year ?season (April to September) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?<*> In cases where all possible measured data are not available, the ?
?following factor shall be used to calculate AOT40 values: ?
? ?
? total possible number of hours <**> ?
? AOT40 = AOT40 x --------------------------------- ?
? estimate measured number of measured hourly values ?
? ?
? <**> being the number of hours within the time period of AOT40 ?
?definition, (i.e. 08:00 to 20:00 CET from 1 May to 31 July each year, for?
?vegetation protection and from 1 April to 30 September each year for ?
?forest protection). ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Objective ? Averaging ? Target value ? Date by ?
? ? period ? ?which target?
? ? ? ?value should?
? ? ? ? be met <*> ?
? ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3 ? ?
?Protection ?Maximum ?120 mug/m not to be exceeded on ?1.1.2010 ?
?of human ?daily ?more than 25 days per calendar year? ?
?health ?eight-hour ?averaged over three years <***> ? ?
? ?mean <**> ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Protection ?May to July?AOT40 (calculated from 1 h values) ?1.1.2010 ?
?of ? ? 3 ? ?
?vegetation ? ?18000 mug/m x h averaged over five? ?
? ? ?years <***> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
--------------------------------
<*> Compliance with target values will be assessed as of this date. That is, 2010 will be the first year the data for which is used in calculating compliance over the following three or five years, as appropriate.
<**> The maximum daily eight-hour mean concentration shall be selected by examining eight-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each eight-hour average so calculated shall be assigned to the day on which it ends. i.e. the first calculation period for any one day will be the period from 17:00 on the previous day to 01:00 on that day; the last calculation period for any one day will be the period from 16:00 to 24:00 on the day.
<***> If the three or five year averages cannot be determined on the basis of a full and consecutive set of annual data, the minimum annual data required for checking compliance with the target values will be as follows:
- for the target value for the protection of human health: valid data
for one year,
- for the target value for the protection of vegetation: valid data for
three years.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Objective ? Averaging period ? Longterm ?Date by which?
? ? ? objective ?the longterm ?
? ? ? ? objective ?
? ? ? ?should be met?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3 ? ?
?Protection of?Maximum daily eight-hour ?120 mug/m ?not defined ?
?human health ?mean within a calendar year? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Protection ?May to July ?AOT40 (calculated?not defined ?
?of ? ?from 1 h values) ? ?
?vegetation ? ? 3 ? ?
? ? ?6000 mug/m x h ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFYING AND LOCATING SAMPLING POINTS
FOR ASSESSMENTS OF OZONE CONCENTRATIONS
The following apply to fixed measurements:
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Type of ? Objectives of ?Representativeness?Macroscale siting criteria?
? station ? measurement ? <*> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 2 ? ?
?Urban ?Protection of ?A few km ?Away from the influence of?
? ?human health: ? ?local emissions such as ?
? ?to assess the ? ?traffic, petrol stations, ?
? ?exposure of the ? ?etc.; ?
? ?urban population? ?vented locations where ?
? ?to ozone, i.e. ? ?well mixed levels can be ?
? ?where population? ?measured; ?
? ?density and ? ?locations such as ?
? ?ozone ? ?residential and commercial?
? ?concentration ? ?areas of cities, parks ?
? ?are relatively ? ?(away from the trees), ?
? ?high and ? ?big streets or squares ?
? ?representative ? ?with very little or no ?
? ?of the exposure ? ?traffic, open areas ?
? ?of the general ? ?characteristic of ?
? ?population ? ?educational, sports or ?
? ? ? ?recreation facilities ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 2 ? ?
?Suburban ?Protection of ?Some tens of km ?At a certain distance from?
? ?human health and? ?the area of maximum ?
? ?vegetation: ? ?emissions, downwind ?
? ?to assess the ? ?following the main wind ?
? ?exposure of the ? ?direction/directions ?
? ?population and ? ?during conditions ?
? ?vegetation ? ?favourable to ozone ?
? ?located in the ? ?formation; ?
? ?outskirts of the? ?where population, ?
? ?agglomeration, ? ?sensitive crops or natural?
? ?where the ? ?ecosystems located in the ?
? ?highest ozone ? ?outer fringe of an ?
? ?levels, to which? ?agglomeration are exposed ?
? ?the population ? ?to high ozone levels; ?
? ?and vegetation ? ?where appropriate, some ?
? ?are likely to ? ?suburban stations also ?
? ?be directly or ? ?upwind of the area of ?
? ?indirectly ? ?maximum emissions, in ?
? ?exposed occur ? ?order to determine the ?
? ? ? ?regional background levels?
? ? ? ?of ozone ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Rural ?Protection of ?Sub-regional ?Stations can be located ?
? ?human health and?levels (some ?in small settlements ?
? ?vegetation: ? 2 ?and/or areas with natural ?
? ?to assess the ?hundreds of km ) ?ecosystems, forests or ?
? ?exposure of ? ?crops; ?
? ?population, ? ?representative for ozone ?
? ?crops and ? ?away from the influence ?
? ?natural ? ?of immediate local ?
? ?ecosystems to ? ?emissions such as ?
? ?sub-regional ? ?industrial installations ?
? ?scale ozone ? ?and roads; ?
? ?concentrations ? ?at open area sites, but ?
? ? ? ?not on summits of higher ?
? ? ? ?mountains ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Rural ?Protection of ?Regional / ?Station located in areas ?
?background?vegetation and ?national / ?with lower population ?
? ?human health: ?continental levels?density, e.g. with natural?
? ?to assess the ?(1000 to ?ecosystems, forests, at a ?
? ?exposure of ? 2 ?distance of at least 20 km?
? ?crops and ?10000 km ) ?from urban and industrial ?
? ?natural ? ?areas and away from local ?
? ?ecosystems to ? ?emissions; ?
? ?regional-scale ? ?avoid locations which ?
? ?ozone ? ?are subject to locally ?
? ?concentrations ? ?enhanced formation of ?
? ?as well as ? ?ground-near inversion ?
? ?exposure of the ? ?conditions, also summits ?
? ?population ? ?of higher mountains; ?
? ? ? ?coastal sites with ?
? ? ? ?pronounced diurnal wind ?
? ? ? ?cycles of local character ?
? ? ? ?are not recommended ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? <*> Sampling points should, where possible, be representative of?
?similar locations not in their immediate vicinity. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
For rural and rural background stations the location shall, where appropriate, be coordinated with the monitoring requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1737/2006 of 7 November 2006 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning monitoring of forests and environmental interactions in the Community <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 334, 30.11.2006, p. 1.
In so far as is practicable the procedure on microscale siting in Section C of Annex III shall be followed, ensuring also that the inlet probe is positioned well away from such sources as furnaces and incineration flues and more than 10 m from the nearest road, with distance increasing as a function of traffic intensity.
The procedures in Section D of Annex III shall be followed, applying proper screening and interpretation of the monitoring data in the context of the meteorological and photochemical processes affecting the ozone concentrations measured at the respective sites.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF SAMPLING
POINTS FOR FIXED MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE
measurements to assess compliance with target values,
long-term objectives and information and alert
thresholds where such measurements
are the sole source of information
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Population (x 1000)? Agglomerations ? Other zones ? Rural ?
? ? (urban and ? (suburban ? background ?
? ? suburban) ? and rural) ? ?
? ? <*> ? <*> ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?< 250 ? ? 1?1 station / ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?
?< 500 ? 1? 2?50000 km as ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????an average ?
?< 1000 ? 2? 2?density over ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????all zones per?
?< 1500 ? 3? 3?country <**> ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 2000 ? 3? 4? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 2750 ? 4? 5? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 3750 ? 5? 6? ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?> 3750 ?One additional ?One additional ? ?
? ?station per 2 ?station per 2 ? ?
? ?million inhabitants?million inhabitants? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? <*> At least 1 station in suburban areas, where the highest exposure ?
?of the population is likely to occur. In agglomerations at least 50% of ?
?the stations shall be located in suburban areas. ?
? 2 ?
? <**> 1 station per 25000 km for complex terrain is recommended. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
for fixed measurements for zones and agglomerations
attaining the long-term objectives
The number of sampling points for ozone shall, in combination with
other means of supplementary assessment such as air quality modelling and
collocated nitrogen dioxide measurements, be sufficient to examine the
trend of ozone pollution and check compliance with the long-term
objectives. The number of stations located in agglomerations and other
zones may be reduced to one-third of the number specified in Section A.
Where information from fixed measurement stations is the sole source of
information, at least one monitoring station shall be kept. If, in zones
where there is supplementary assessment, the result of this is that a zone
has no remaining station, coordination with the number of stations in
neighbouring zones shall ensure adequate assessment of ozone concentrations
against long-term objectives. The number of rural background stations shall
2
be one per 100000 km .
MEASUREMENTS OF OZONE PRECURSOR SUBSTANCES
The main objectives of such measurements are to analyse any trend in ozone precursors, to check the efficiency of emission reduction strategies, to check the consistency of emission inventories and to help attribute emission sources to observed pollution concentrations.
An additional aim is to support the understanding of ozone formation and precursor dispersion processes, as well as the application of photochemical models.
Measurement of ozone precursor substances shall include at least
nitrogen oxides (NO and NO ), and appropriate volatile organic compounds
2
(VOC). A list of volatile organic compounds recommended for measurement is
given below:
1-Butene | Isoprene | Ethyl benzene | |
Ethane | Trans-2-Butene | n-Hexane | m + p-Xylene |
Ethylene | cis-2-Butene | i-Hexane | o-Xylene |
Acetylene | 1,3-Butadiene | n-Heptane | 1,2,4-Trimethylebenzene |
Propane | n-Pentane | n-Octane | 1,2,3-Trimethylebenzene |
Propene | i-Pentane | i-Octane | 1,3,5-Trimethylebenzene |
n-Butane | 1-Pentene | Benzene | Formaldehyde |
i-Butane | 2-Pentene | Toluene | Total non-methane hydrocarbons |
Measurements shall be taken in particular in urban or suburban areas at any monitoring site set up in accordance with the requirements of this Directive and considered appropriate with regard to the monitoring objectives referred to in Section A.
LIMIT VALUES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH
Without prejudice to Annex I, the following criteria shall be used for checking validity when aggregating data and calculating statistical parameters:
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Parameter ? Required proportion of valid data ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?One hour values ?75% (i.e. 45 minutes) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Eight hours values ?75% of values (i.e. 6 hours) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Maximum daily 8-hour?75% of the hourly running eight hour averages ?
?mean ?(i.e. 18 eight hour averages per day) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?24-hour values ?75% of the hourly averages ?
? ?(i.e. at least 18 hour values) ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Annual mean ?90% <*> of the one hour values or (if not available)?
? ?24-hour values over the year ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?<*> The requirements for the calculation of annual mean do not include ?
?losses of data due to the regular calibration or the normal maintenance ?
?of the instrumentation. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Averaging ? Limit value ? Margin of tolerance ?Date by which?
? Period ? ? ? limit value ?
? ? ? ?is to be met ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? 3 ? ?
?One hour ?350 mug/m , not to be ?150 mug/m (43%) ?- <*> ?
? ?exceeded more than 24 ? ? ?
? ?times a calendar year ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?One day ?125 mug/m ,not to be ?None ?- <*> ?
? ?exceeded more than 3 ? ? ?
? ?times a calendar year ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?One hour ?200 mug/m , not to be ?50% on 19 July 1999, ?1 January ?
? ?exceeded more than 18 ?decreasing on 1 January?2010 ?
? ?times a calendar year ?2001 and every 12 ? ?
? ? ?months thereafter by ? ?
? ? ?equal annual ? ?
? ? ?percentages to reach 0%? ?
? ? ?by 1 January 2010 ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Calendar ?40 mug/m ?50% on 19 July 1999, ?1 January ?
?year ? ?decreasing on 1 January?2010 ?
? ? ?2001 and every 12 ? ?
? ? ?months thereafter by ? ?
? ? ?equal annual ? ?
? ? ?percentages to reach 0%? ?
? ? ?by 1 January 2010 ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? 3 ? ?
?Calendar ?5 mug/m ?5 mug/m (100%) on ?1 January ?
?year ? ?13 December 2000, ?2010 ?
? ? ?decreasing on 1 January? ?
? ? ?2006 and every 12 ? ?
? ? ?months thereafter by ? ?
? ? ? 3 ? ?
? ? ?1 mug/m to reach 0% ? ?
? ? ?by 1 January 2010 ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?maximum ?10 mg/m ?60% ?- <*> ?
?daily eight ? ? ? ?
?hour mean ? ? ? ?
?<**> ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Calendar ?0,5 mug/m <***> ?100% ?- <***> ?
?year ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 10 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?One day ?50 mug/m , not to be ?50% ?- <*> ?
? ?exceeded more than 35 ? ? ?
? ?times a calendar year ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ? ?
?Calendar ?40 mug/m ?20% ?- <*> ?
?year ? ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? <*> Already in force since 1 January 2005. ?
? <**> The maximum daily eight hour mean concentration will be selected ?
?by examining eight hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and?
?updated each hour. Each eight hour average so calculated will be assigned?
?to the day on which it ends i.e. the first calculation period for any one?
?day will be the period from 17:00 on the previous day to 01:00 on that ?
?day; the last calculation period for any one day will be the period from ?
?16:00 to 24:00 on that day. ?
? <***> Already in force since 1 January 2005. Limit value to be met ?
?only by 1 January 2010 in the immediate vicinity of the specific ?
?industrial sources situated on sites contaminated by decades of ?
?industrial activities. In such cases, the limit value until 1 January ?
? 3 ?
?2010 will be 1,0 mug/m . The area in which higher limit values apply must?
?not extend further than 1000 m from such specific sources. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
INFORMATION AND ALERT THRESHOLDS
To be measured over three consecutive hours at locations representative
2
of air quality over at least 100 km or an entire zone or agglomeration,
whichever is the smaller.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Pollutant ? Alert threshold ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3?
?Sulphur dioxide ? 500 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3?
?Nitrogen dioxide ? 400 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Purpose ? Averaging period ? Threshold ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3?
?Information ?1 hour ? 180 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? 3?
?Alert ?1 hour <*> ? 240 mug/m ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? <*> For the implementation of Article 24, the exceedance of the ?
?threshold is to be measured or predicted for three consecutive hours. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
CRITICAL LEVELS FOR THE PROTECTION OF VEGETATION
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Averaging period ?Critical level? Margin of tolerance ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ?
?Calendar year and winter (1 October ?20 mug/m ?None ?
?to 31 March) ? ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3 ? ?
?Calendar year ?30 mug/m NO ?None ?
? ? x ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
NATIONAL EXPOSURE REDUCTION TARGET, TARGET VALUE
AND LIMIT VALUE FOR PM
2,5
3
The Average Exposure Indicator expressed in mug/m (AEI) shall be based
upon measurements in urban background locations in zones and agglomerations
throughout the territory of a Member State. It should be assessed as a
three-calendar year running annual mean concentration averaged over all
sampling points established pursuant to Section B of Annex V. The AEI for
the reference year 2010 shall be the mean concentration of the years 2008,
2009 and 2010.
However, where data are not available for 2008, Member States may use the mean concentration of the years 2009 and 2010 or the mean concentration of the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Member States making use of these possibilities shall communicate their decisions to the Commission by 11 September 2008.
The AEI for the year 2020 shall be the three-year running mean concentration averaged over all those sampling points for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. The AEI is used for the examination whether the national exposure reduction target is met.
The AEI for the year 2015 shall be the three-year running mean concentration averaged over all those sampling points for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The AEI is used for the examination whether the exposure concentration obligation is met.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Exposure reduction target ? Year by which the ?
? relative to the AEI in 2010 ? exposure reduction ?
? ?target should be met?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?Initial concentration ?Reduction target in percent? 2020?
? 3 ? ? ?
?in mug/m ? ? ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?< 8,5 = 8,5 ? 0%? ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?> 8,5 - < 13 ? 10%? ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?= 13 - < 18 ? 15%? ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?= 18 - < 22 ? 20%? ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?>= 22 ?All appropriate measures to? ?
? ? 3 ? ?
? ?achieve 18 mug/m ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3
Where the AEI in the reference year is 8,5 mug/m or less the exposure
reduction target shall be zero. The reduction target shall be zero also in
3
cases where the AEI reaches the level of 8,5 mug/m at any point of time
during the period from 2010 to 2020 and is maintained at or below that
level.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Exposure concentration ? Year by which the obligation ?
? obligation ? value is to be met ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 3? ?
? 20 mug/m ? 2015?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Averaging period ? Target value ? Date by which target ?
? ? ? value should be met ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3? ?
?Calendar year ? 25 mug/m ?1 January 2010 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Averaging ? Limit ? Margin of tolerance ?Date by which ?
? period ? value ? ?limit value is?
? ? ? ? to be met ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3? ? ?
?Calendar year?25 mug/m ?20% on 11 June 2008, decreasing on?1 January 2015?
? ? ?the next 1 January and every 12 ? ?
? ? ?months thereafter by equal annual ? ?
? ? ?percentages to reach 0% by ? ?
? ? ?1 January 2015 ? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? 3? ? ?
?Calendar year?20 mug/m ? ?1 January 2020?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? <*> Stage 2 - indicative limit value to be reviewed by the Commission ?
?in 2013 in the light of further information on health and environmental ?
?effects, technical feasibility and experience of the target value in ?
?Member States. ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
INFORMATION
TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LOCAL, REGIONAL OR NATIONAL AIR
QUALITY PLANS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
(air quality plans)
1. Localisation of excess pollution
(a) region;
(b) city (map);
(c) measuring station (map, geographical coordinates).
2. General information
(a) type of zone (city, industrial or rural area);
2
(b) estimate of the polluted area (km ) and of the population exposed
to the pollution;
(c) useful climatic data;
(d) relevant data on topography;
(e) sufficient information on the type of targets requiring protection in the zone.
3. Responsible authorities
Names and addresses of persons responsible for the development and implementation of improvement plans.
4. Nature and assessment of pollution
(a) concentrations observed over previous years (before the implementation of the improvement measures);
(b) concentrations measured since the beginning of the project;
(c) techniques used for the assessment.
5. Origin of pollution
(a) list of the main emission sources responsible for pollution (map);
(b) total quantity of emissions from these sources (tonnes/year);
(c) information on pollution imported from other regions.
6. Analysis of the situation
(a) details of those factors responsible for the exceedance (e.g. transport, including cross-border transport, formation of secondary pollutants in the atmosphere);
(b) details of possible measures for the improvement of air quality.
7. Details of those measures or projects for improvement which existed prior to 11 June 2008, i.e:
(a) local, regional, national, international measures;
(b) observed effects of these measures.
8. Details of those measures or projects adopted with a view to reducing pollution following the entry into force of this Directive:
(a) listing and description of all the measures set out in the project;
(b) timetable for implementation;
(c) estimate of the improvement of air quality planned and of the expected time required to attain these objectives.
9. Details of the measures or projects planned or being researched for the long term.
10. List of the publications, documents, work, etc., used to supplement information required under this Annex.
1. All information as laid down in Section A.
2. Information concerning the status of implementation of the following Directives:
1. Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States on measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 76, 6.4.1970, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC (OJ L 363, 20.12.2006, p. 81).
2. Directive 94/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 1994 on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from the storage of petrol and its distribution from terminals to service stations <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 365, 31.12.1994, p. 24. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).
3. Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.
4. Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/105/EC.
5. Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003.
6. Council Directive 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 85, 29.3.1999, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2004/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 87).
7. Council Directive 1999/32/EC of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 121, 11.5.1999, p. 13. Directive as last amended by Directive 2005/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 191, 22.7.2005, p. 59).
8. Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 332, 28.12.2000, p. 91.
9. Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
10. Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants;
11. Directive 2004/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain paints and varnishes and vehicle refinishing products <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 87.
12. Directive 2005/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005 amending Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 191, 22.7.2005, p. 59.
13. Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 275, 20.10.2005, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 (OJ L 171, 29.6.2007, p. 1).
14. Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 114, 27.4.2006, p. 64.
3. Information on all air pollution abatement measures that have been considered at appropriate local, regional or national level for implementation in connection with the attainment of air quality objectives, including:
(a) reduction of emissions from stationary sources by ensuring that polluting small and medium sized stationary combustion sources (including for biomass) are fitted with emission control equipment or replaced;
(b) reduction of emissions from vehicles through retrofitting with emission control equipment. The use of economic incentives to accelerate take-up should be considered;
(c) procurement by public authorities, in line with the handbook on environmental public procurement, of road vehicles, fuels and combustion equipment to reduce emissions, including the purchase of:
- new vehicles, including low emission vehicles,
- cleaner vehicle transport services,
- low emission stationary combustion sources,
- low emission fuels for stationary and mobile sources;
(d) measures to limit transport emissions through traffic planning and management (including congestion pricing, differentiated parking fees or other economic incentives; establishing low emission zones);
(e) measures to encourage a shift of transport towards less polluting modes;
(f) ensuring that low emission fuels are used in small, medium and large scale stationary sources and in mobile sources;
(g) measures to reduce air pollution through the permit system under Directive 2008/1/EC, the national plans under Directive 2001/80/EC, and through the use of economic instruments such as taxes, charges or emission trading;
(h) where appropriate, measures to protect the health of children or other sensitive groups.
PUBLIC INFORMATION
1. Member States shall ensure that up-to-date information on ambient concentrations of the pollutants covered by this Directive is routinely made available to the public.
2. Ambient concentrations provided shall be presented as average values according to the appropriate averaging period as laid down in Annex VII and Annexes XI to XIV. The information shall at least indicate any levels exceeding air quality objectives including limit values, target values, alert thresholds, information thresholds or long term objectives of the regulated pollutant. It shall also provide a short assessment in relation to the air quality objectives and appropriate information regarding effects on health, or, where appropriate, vegetation.
3. Information on ambient concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide, particulate matter (at least PM ), ozone and carbon monoxide
10
shall be updated on at least a daily basis, and, wherever practicable,
information shall be updated on an hourly basis. Information on ambient
concentrations of lead and benzene, presented as an average value for the
last 12 months, shall be updated on a three-monthly basis, and on a monthly
basis, wherever practicable.
4. Member States shall ensure that timely information about actual or predicted exceedances of alert thresholds, and any information threshold is provided to the public. Details supplied shall include at least the following information:
(a) information on observed exceedance(s):
- location or area of the exceedance,
- type of threshold exceeded (information or alert),
- start time and duration of the exceedance,
- highest one hour concentration and in addition highest eight hour mean concentration in the case of ozone;
(b) forecast for the following afternoon/day(s):
- geographical area of expected exceedances of information and/or alert threshold,
- expected changes in pollution (improvement, stabilisation or deterioration), together with the reasons for those changes;
(c) information on the type of population concerned, possible health effects and recommended behaviour:
- information on population groups at risk,
- description of likely symptoms,
- recommended precautions to be taken by the population concerned,
- where to find further information;
(d) information on preventive action to reduce pollution and/or exposure to it: indication of main source sectors; recommendations for action to reduce emissions;
(e) in the case of predicted exceedances, Member State shall take steps to ensure that such details are supplied to the extent practicable.
CORRELATION TABLE
This Directive | Directive 96/62/EC | Directive 1999/30/EC | Directive 2000/69/EC | Directive 2002/3/EC |
Article 1 | Article 1 | Article 1 | Article 1 | Article 1 |
Article 2 (1) to (5) | Article 2 (1) to (5) | - | - | - |
Article 2 (6) and (7) | - | - | - | - |
Article 2 (8) | Article 2 (8) | Article 2 (7) | - | - |
Article 2 (9) | Article 2 (6) | - | - | Article 2 (9) |
Article 2 (10) | Article 2 (7) | Article 2 (6) | - | Article 2 (11) |
Article 2 (11) | - | - | - | Article 2 (12) |
Article 2 (12) and (13) | - | Article 2 (13) and (14) | Article 2 (a) and (b) | - |
Article 2 (14) | - | - | - | Article 2 (10) |
Article 2 (15) and (16) | Article 2 (9) and (10) | Article 2 (8) and (9) | - | Article 2 (7) and (8) |
Article 2 (17) and (18) | - | Article 2 (11) and (12) | - | - |
Article 2 (19), (20), (21), (22) and (23) | - | - | - | - |
Article 2 (24) | - | Article 2 (10) | - | - |
Article 2 (25) and (26) | Article 6 (5) | - | - | - |
Article 2 (27) | - | - | - | Article 2 (13) |
Article 2 (28) | - | - | - | Article 2 (3) |
Article 3, with the exception of paragraph (1) (f) | Article 3 | - | - | - |
Article 3 (1) (f) | - | - | - | - |
Article 4 | Article 2 (9) and (10), Article 6 (1) | - | - | - |
Article 5 | - | Article 7 (1) | Article 5 (1) | - |
Article 6 (1) to (4) | Article 6 (1) to (4) | - | - | - |
Article 6 (5) | - | - | - | - |
Article 7 | - | Article 7 (2) and (3) with amendments | Article 5 (2) and (3) with amendments | - |
Article 8 | - | Article 7 (5) | Article 5 (5) | - |
Article 9 | - | - | - | Article 9 (1) first and second subparagraphs |
Article 10 | - | - | - | Article 9 (1) to (3) with amendments |
Article 11 (1) | - | - | - | Article 9 (4) |
Article 11 (2) | - | - | - | - |
Article 12 | Article 9 | - | - | - |
Article 13 (1) | - | Articles 3 (1), 4 (1), 5 (1) and 6 | Articles 3 (1) and 4 | - |
Article 13 (2) | - | Articles 3 (2) and 4 (2) | - | - |
Article 13 (3) | - | Article 5 (5) | - | - |
Article 14 | - | Articles 3 (1) and 4 (1) with amendments | - | - |
Article 15 | - | - | - | - |
Article 16 | - | - | - | - |
Article 17 (1) | - | - | - | Articles 3 (1) and 4 (1) |
Article 17 (2) | - | - | - | Article 3 (2) and (3) |
Article 17 (3) | - | - | - | Article 4 (2) |
Article 18 | - | - | - | Article 5 |
Article 19 | Article 10 with amendments | Article 8 (3) | - | Article 6 with amendments |
Article 20 | - | Articles 3 (4) and 5 (4) with amendments | - | - |
Article 21 | - | - | - | - |
Article 22 | - | - | - | - |
Article 23 | Article 8 (1) to (4) with amendments | - | - | - |
Article 24 | Article 7 (3) with amendments | - | - | Article 7 with amendments |
Article 25 | Article 8 (5) with amendments | - | - | Article 8 with amendments |
Article 26 | - | Article 8 with amendments | Article 7 with amendments | Article 6 with amendments |
Article 27 | Article 11 with amendments | Article 5 (2) second subparagraph | - | Article 10 with amendments |
Article 28 (1) | Article 12 (1) with amendments | - | - | - |
Article 28 (2) | Article 11 with amendments | - | - | - |
Article 28 (3) | - | - | - | - |
Article 28 (4) | - | Annex IX with amendments | - | - |
Article 29 | Article 12 (2) | - | - | - |
Article 30 | - | Article 14 | Article 9 | Article 14 |
Article 31 | - | - | - | - |
Article 32 | - | - | - | - |
Article 33 | Article 13 | Article 12 | Article 10 | Article 15 |
Article 34 | Article 14 | Article 13 | Article 11 | Article 17 |
Article 35 | Article 15 | Article 14 | Article 12 | Article 18 |
Annex I | - | Annex VIII with amendments | Annex VI | Annex VII |
Annex II | - | Annex V with amendments | Annex III | - |
Annex III | - | Annex VI | Annex IV | - |
Annex IV | - | - | - | - |
Annex V | - | Annex VII with amendments | Annex V | - |
Annex VI | - | Annex IX with amendments | Annex VII | Annex VIII |
Annex VII | - | - | - | Annex I, Annex III section II |
Annex VIII | - | - | - | Annex IV |
Annex IX | - | - | - | Annex V |
Annex X | - | - | - | Annex VI |
Annex XI | - | Annex I, section I, Annex II, section I and Annex III (with amendments); Annex IV (unchanged) | Annex I, Annex II | - |
Annex XII | - | Annex I, section II, Annex II, section II, | - | Annex II, section I |
Annex XIII | - | Annex I, section I, Annex II, section I | - | - |
Annex XIV | - | - | - | - |
Annex XV Section A | Annex IV | - | - | - |
Annex XV Section В | - | - | - | - |
Annex XVI | - | Article 8 | Article 7 | Article 6 with amendments |
The Commission takes note of the text adopted by the Council and the European Parliament for the Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. In particular, the Commission notes the importance attributed by the European Parliament and the Member States in Article 22 (4) and recital 16 to Community measures for the abatement of air pollutant emissions at source.
The Commission recognises the need to reduce the emissions of harmful air pollutants if significant progress is to be delivered towards the objectives established in the Sixth Environmental Action Programme. The Commission's communication on a thematic strategy on air pollution sets out a significant number of possible Community measures. Significant progress on these and other measures has been made since the adoption of the strategy:
- the Council and Parliament have already adopted new legislation limiting the exhaust emissions of light duty vehicles,
- the Commission has adopted a proposal for new legislation to improve the effectiveness of Community industrial emissions legislation including intensive agricultural installations and measures to tackle smaller scale industrial combustion sources,
- the Commission has adopted a proposal for new legislation limiting the exhaust emissions of engines installed in heavy duty vehicles,
- in 2008 the Commission foresees new legislative proposals that would:
- further reduce the Member States' permitted national emissions of key pollutants,
- reduce emissions associated with refuelling of petrol cars at service stations,
- address the sulphur content of fuels including marine fuels,
- preparatory work is also underway to investigate the feasibility of:
- improving the eco-design and reducing the emissions of domestic boilers and water heaters,
- reducing the solvent content of paints, varnishes and vehicle refinishing products,
- reducing the exhaust emissions of non-road mobile machinery and thereby maximise the benefit of lower sulphur non-road fuels already proposed by the Commission,
- The Commission also continues to push for substantial emissions reductions from ships at the International Maritime Organisation and it is committed to bringing forward proposals for Community measures should the IMO fail to deliver sufficiently ambitious proposals as foreseen in 2008.
The Commission is, however, committed to the aims of its Better Regulation initiative and the need for proposals to be underpinned by a comprehensive assessment of the impacts and benefits. In this regard and in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Commission will continue to evaluate the need to bring forward new legislative proposals but reserves its right to decide if and when it would be appropriate to present any such proposal.
The Netherlands has always supported the development of ambitious and effective European policy on air quality and will continue to do so in the future. It is, therefore, happy with the compromise agreed by the Council and the European Parliament and compliments the Parliament, the Commission and the Presidency on the results achieved. The new Directive on ambient air quality marks significant progress for both the environment and public health.
As the Netherlands pointed out when the Common Position was drawn up, the air quality in our country is strongly influenced by transboundary developments and will therefore benefit enormously from an effective European approach. The Netherlands' main concern has been that the Directive should contain a balanced package of European and national measures, as well as realistic time limits to achieve the air quality targets. Only then will Member States be able to achieve the ambitious targets that have been set.
The Netherlands is pleased with the Commission's statement that it will
present Community measures in good time. Timely, EU-wide compliance with
the air quality standards will depend on sound European policy tackling
pollution at the source. The Netherlands would especially point to the lack
of data and prevailing uncertainties about emissions and concentrations of
fine particulates (PM ). It will of course make every effort to meet the
2,5
objectives of the Directive by the target date. On the basis of the
knowledge currently at our command, this will largely be feasible. The
Dutch government is developing a National Air Quality Cooperation Programme
to tackle locations where emission ceilings are persistently exceeded, so
that, there too, air quality standards may be met by the target date.
The Netherlands is pleased that the Council and the European Parliament concluded their second reading in time for the Directive to take effect as of early 2008. This is essential for our own national programme, as well as actions in the countries around us. The Netherlands will work hard to ensure that the national cooperation programme and all local and regional measures are sufficient.
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Источник информации: https://internet-law.ru/documents/dop_documents/80/rd_52_44826/0/direk.html
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