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WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center
ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
Sparco S.p.A. v. Mr. Oleg Filipov-Guevreyan
Case No. DLA2003-0001
1. The Parties
The Complainant is Sparco S.p.A., Torino, Italy, represented by Studio Legale Jacobacci e Associati, Italy.
The Respondent is Mr. Oleg Filipov-Guevreyan, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <sparco.la> is registered with GAA International / LA Names Corporation.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center")
on August 1, 2003. On August 14, 2003, the Center transmitted
by email to GAA International / LA Names Corporation a request for registrar
verification in connection with the domain name at issue. On August 20, 2003,
GAA International / LA Names Corporation transmitted by email to the Center
its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant
and providing the contact details for the administrative, billing, and technical
contact. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements
of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy"),
the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"),
and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy
(the "Supplemental Rules").
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally
notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on August 21, 2003.
In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response
was September 10, 2003. The Respondent did not submit any response.
Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on September 17, 2003.
The Center appointed Peter G. Nitter as the Sole Panelist in
this matter on September 25, 2003. The Panel finds that it was properly
constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration
of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance
with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The domain name <sparco.la> was registered on June 18, 2003.
Complainant Sparco S.p.A. (formerly Sparco S.r.l.) is a well known company
in Italy and internationally in the field of specialized products and clothing
for racing cars activities. Complainant is the owner of several trademark registrations
for SPARCO, ref. Annex 1 to the Complaint.
A renewal application was filed on April 15, 2003, for the Italian
registration 335748 SPARCO, dating back to July 12, 1983, ref. Annex 2
to the Complaint.
The Complainant also has an international registration 478132 SPARCO of July 12, 1983,
and corresponding renewal application, ref. Annex 3 to the Complaint.
The Complainant also has the U.S. registrations 1367444 SPARCO (1985), 2276975
SPARCO (1996/99) and 2282386 SPARCO and device (1996/99), ref. Annexes 4-6 to
the Complaint.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
Complainant is and has been for many years the owner of the trademark SPARCO.
SPARCO is also the main part of Complainant’s trade name.
The domain name <sparco.la> is identical with the trademark SPARCO and
with the trade name Sparco S.p.A.
There is no way that Respondent may not have been aware of the trade name and
trademark SPARCO, and registration may only have occurred in bad faith. The
use in the website "www.sparco.la" of a title tag "Sparco LA
Racing Cars Products" in Respondent’s pornographic website confirms that
Respondent did intend to refer to Complainant, whose trademarks and trade name
are commonly and uniquely associated with racing car products.
A Google search associating "Sparco" and "racing cars"
elicited 308 results, all associated to Complainant, ref. Annex 7 to the
Complaint.
That Respondent operates in bad faith is evidenced by his registration of several
other domain names identical to, or confusingly similar with, well-known Italian
trademarks, such as, for example, <ermenegildozegna.la>, <agnona.la>
and <rottapharm.la>, ref. Annexes 8, 9, 10, all of them pointing
to pornographic websites.
Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name.
In particular:
(i) there is no evidence of the Respondent’s use of, or demonstrable preparations
to, use the domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection
with a bona fide offering of goods or services. The only thing Respondent
offers through its domain name is a link to a pornographic website specialized
in anal sex;
(ii) Respondent has never been commonly known in the normal course of business
by the trademark, trade name or domain name SPARCO.
(iii) Respondent links to the default page of a website, which can be further
navigated only by paying a fee. Hence, its use is commercial, and any possibility
of a non-commercial fair use is excluded.
Respondent uses the domain name in bad faith. The domain name <sparco.la>
leads to a pornographic website selling various services connected with pornography.
The title tag says "Sparco LA Racing Cars Products," but its only
content in fact refers to anal sex.
Consequences for Complainant, as a well-known and reputable company are potentially
catastrophic, should even a minority of Internet users come to believe that
Complainant is actually associated with such kind of pornography. The possibility
is very real, taking into account that ".la" domain names have been
largely promoted with reference to Los Angeles (rather than Laos), ref. Annex 16
to the Complaint. Also the title tag may indicate that the site is indeed the
place where information about SPARCO products on sale in Los Angeles are to
be found.
The redirection to pornographic sites from a domain name incorporating the
trademark of another company is, per se, evidence of bad faith and has been
confirmed by several Panel decisions as such. The Complainant refers to inter
alia the following decisions:
- Ty, Inc. v. O.Z. Names, WIPO Case
No. D2000-0370, finding that absent contrary evidence, linking the domain
names in question to graphic, adult-oriented websites is evidence of bad faith;
- Oxygen Media, LLC v. Primary Source, WIPO
Case No. D2000-0362, finding bad faith even where Respondent merely threatened
to develop the domain name in question into a pornography site;
- Dell Computer Corporation v. RaveClub Berlin, WIPO
Case No. D2002-0601, stating inter alia that "the fact that
the pornographic website uses ‘mouse-trapping’ techniques to prevent visitors
from leaving it, clearly reinforces the bad faith use of the disputed domain
name";
- Six Continents Hotels, Inc. v. Seweryn Nowak, WIPO
Case No. D2003-0022, noting that "the diversion of the domain names
to a pornographic site is itself certainly consistent with the finding that
the Domain Name was registered and is being used in bad faith."
All the above decisions refer to cases as clear as the present one of "pornosquatting,"
where a cybersquatter tries to take advantage of a well-known trademark and/or
trade name to attract Internet users to a pornographic Website.
In particular:
(a) a trademark the "pornosquatter" does not own is used;
(b) the site to which the user is redirected is obviously pornographic;
(c) the site is commercial, i.e. in order to access further pornographic images
the Internet user is invited to pay; and
(d) there is a "mouse-trapping effect" making it more difficult for
the casual Internet user to leave the pornographic website.
B. Respondent
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions.
6. Discussion and Findings
It is incumbent on the Complainant to make out its case in all respects under
the Rules set out in paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. However, under the paragraph 5(e)
if the Respondent does not submit a response and in the absence of exceptional
circumstances, "the Panel shall decide the dispute based upon the Complaint."
Further, under paragraph 14 of the Rules where a party does not comply
with any provision of the Rules, the panel "shall draw such inferences
therefrom as it considers appropriate."
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
The domain name is <sparco.la>.
"SPARCO" is the registered trademark of the Complainant. The trademark
is registered in a large number of jurisdictions around the world and is very
well-known.
The disputed domain name consists of the trademark of the Complainant in its
entirety without any additions, except from the suffix ".la."
The domain name <sparco.la> is thus found to be identical to the trademark
SPARCO in which the Complainant has rights.
The Panel is satisfied that the Complaint has met the requirements of paragraph 4(a)
of the policy.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
The Complainant has not licensed or otherwise permitted the Respondent to use
its trademark or to apply for any domain name incorporating any such mark.
The use of the disputed domain name by the Respondent is not done in connection
with a bona fide offering of goods or services. The Respondent is
not commonly known by the disputed domain name.
There is no evidence before the Panel in this case that the Respondent has
any legitimate interest in the domain name <sparco.la> for the purposes
of paragraph 4 (c) of the Policy.
The Panel draws the inference from the Respondent’s failure to respond to this
administrative proceeding, that the Complainant is correct in its assertion
that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain
name.
C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
The "SPARCO" trademark is very well-known internationally. It cannot
be reasonably argued that the Respondent could have been unaware of the trademark
when registering the disputed domain name. This is supported by the fact that
the word "sparco" does not have a meaning in English language.
An Internet user who enters <sparco.la> is likely to expect that he will
arrive at a website belonging to the Complainant. On the pornography related
website links are offered that invite users to access other pornographic sites,
against payment. It can therefore be found that the Respondent by using the
disputed domain name has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial
gain, internet users to the website or other on-line location by creating a
likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship,
affiliation or endorsement of the website.
The use of Sparco as a domain name offering pornographic material certainly
tarnishes the Complainant’s existing marks, which is also evidence of bad faith.
Reference is made to America Online, Inc. v. Viper, WIPO
Case No. D2000-1198, MatchNet plc. v. MAC Trading, WIPO
Case No. D2000-0205 and America Online, Inc. v. East Coast Exotics,
WIPO Case No. D2001-0661.
The fact that the pornographic website uses "mouse-trapping" techniques
to prevent visitors from leaving it clearly reinforces the bad faith use of
the disputed domain name. Reference is made to Dell Computer Corporation
v. RaveClub Berlin, WIPO Case No. D2002-0601.
The Panel finds that bad faith is evidenced by Respondents registration of
several other domain names identical to, or confusingly similar with, well-known
Italian trademarks, such as, for example, <ermenegildozegna.la>, <agnona.la>
and <rottapharm.la>, all of them pointing to pornographic websites.
The Panel concludes that the Complainant has established this element.
7. Decision
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with Paragraphs 4(i) of the
Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name, <sparco.la>
be transferred to the Complainant.
Peter G. Nitter
Sole Panelist
Dated: October 9, 2003