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1. ´ç»çÀÚ
½ÅûÀÎ: (1) NBC Universal, Inc., New York, NY,
United States of America, (2) Universal City Studios LLLP, Universal City,
CA, United States of America.
½ÅûÀÎÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀÎ: Donovan & Yee, LLP, United States
of America
ÇǽÅûÀÎ: Junak Kwon, ¾È¾ç½Ã, °æ±âµµ, ´ëÇѹα¹.
2. µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̸§ ¹× µî·Ï±â°ü
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Ik-Hyun Seo
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ÀÏÀÚ: 2004³â 12¿ù 23ÀÏ
OPINION
OF SIR IAN BARKER
A.
Language of the Proceeding
On
September 23, 2004, the Registrar advised the Center that the language of
the registration agreement was Korean. The Complainant had
alleged in its complaint that English was the language of the agreement. This was a reasonable assumption since (a) the Registrar¡¯s
form of agreement was posted on the Registrar¡¯s website in the English language
and (b) there is nothing in that agreement which requires use of any other
language by a registrant.
Despite
representations to the contrary from the Complainant¡¯s lawyers, the Center
required the Complainant to have the Complainant translated into Korean following
the registrar¡¯s confirmation that the language of the domain name registration
agreement selected by the Respondent was Korean and the Respondent¡¯s communication
by e-mail that he does not consent to English as the language of the proceedings.
Despite being served with a Korean version of the complaint the Respondent
filed no response.
I
was chosen as a Panelist by the Center from a list of three provided by the
Complainant pursuant to Paragraph 7 of the UDRP Rules. The others were
well-known Panelists from the United Kingdom and the United States.
I doubt whether either of the other nominees would speak or read Korean.
I am certainly unable to do so. It was reasonable, in my view, for the
Complainant, when seeking a three-member panel, to nominate three English-speaking
Panelists.
Under
Paragraph 11 of the UDRP Rules, the language of the administrative proceedings,
absent agreement by the parties, is that of the registration agreement, unless
the Panel decides otherwise.
I
respectfully disagree with the opinion of the majority that Korean should
be the language of the proceedings. In my view there are the following
reasons that require English.
(a)
The Respondent demonstrated some facility with the English language in his
email communications to the Center.
(b)
The disputed domain name includes a word in the English language (universal)
and clearly relates to companies in an English-speaking country.
(c)
The content on the Respondent¡¯s website is in English and shows that he may
communicate his views in that language.
(d)
The fact that the Respondent has filed no response even to the Korean complaint.
Numerous
WIPO decisions indicate that the intention of Paragraph 11 is to ensure fairness
in the selection of language, the expenses to be incurred and the delay caused
by translations.
A similar situation to the present arose in International Data Group Inc.
v Lingjun, WIPO Case No. D2004-0398.
The Panelist there said:
¡°Thus
the general rule is that the parties are at liberty to agree on the language
of the administrative proceeding. In the absence of this agreement,
the language of the Registration Agreement shall dictate the language of the
proceeding. However, the Panel reserves the right to decide otherwise
having regard to the circumstances of the case. The Panel¡¯s discretion
must be exercised in the spirit of fairness and justice to both parties taking
into consideration matters such as command of the language, time and costs.
It is important that the language finally decided by the Panel for the proceeding
must not be prejudicial to either of the parties in his or her abilities to
articulate the arguments for the case.
In
this particular case, the contents of the website that bears the disputed
domain names are all in English. It is a reasonable assumption to make
that the Respondent is sufficiently well-versed in the language in order to
conduct his business over the website in English. If he is not, there
were ample opportunities for the Respondent to raise his objections on the
choice of language, but he has made no response whether on the issue of the
language of the proceeding or the allegations contained in the complaint lodged
by the Complainant. To rule that he language of the proceedings is Chinese
would cause substantial delay in the proceedings and result in the complainant
incurring unnecessary costs. Therefore, in consideration of the above
circumstances and in the interest of fairness to both parties, the Panel hereby
decides that in accordance to Paragraph 11 of the Rules, English shall be
the language of the present administrative proceeding.¡±
The
above case is different from the present in that the Respondent there, unlike
here, made no representation on the question of language of the proceedings.
I agree with the Panelist about the relevance of the language of the website
in deciding the language of the proceeding and also with the consideration
of extra cost imposed on a Complainant in having to have translations made.
A case where the registration agreement was in Korean but where the parties
had corresponded in English with the Respondent demonstrating an ability to
understand and communicate in English, is Deutsche Messe AG v. Kim Hyungho,
WIPO Case No. D2003-0679. There
the Panel determined that English be the language of the proceeding on condition
that the Respondent be permitted to submit documents and submissions in Korean.
There was, also in that case, a small website in English using the disputed
domain name.
A case where the complaint (as here) was originally prepared in English but
filed in Korean is Amazon.com v. Kim Yoon-Jo, WIPO
Case No. D2003-0774. There the Respondent filed no Response and
the Complainant was not able to communicate in Korean. In the interests
of fairness, the three-member Panel decided that English should be the language
of the proceedings and not Korean, the language of the registration agreement.
The Panel nevertheless considered any Korean documents submitted by the Respondent.
A similar decision was made in Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault, Dassault
Aviation v. Mr. Minwoo Park, WIPO Case
No. D2003-0989, in these words:
¡°The
complaint was filed in the English language. The Respondent asserts
that all document in this dispute resolution proceeding should be filed in the Korean language, which
was the language of the registration agreement for the Domain Name, whereas
the Complainant asserts that English should be the language of the proceeding.
According
to Paragraph 11 of the Rules, the language of the administrative proceeding
shall be the language of the registration agreement unless the Panel decides
otherwise. The spirit of Paragraph 11 is to ensure fairness in the selection
of language by giving full consideration to the parties¡¯ level of comfort
with each language, the expenses to be incurred and the possibility of delay
in the proceeding in the event translations are required and other relevant
factors.
In
the present case, even if the registration agreement for the Domain Name was
made in the Korean language, it is apparent from the written communications
exchanged among the parties that the Respondent seems to have little difficulty
in communicating in the English language. The English used by the Respondent
in his letters demonstrates his ability to understand and communicate in English
without difficulty.
On
the other hand, the Complainant is not able to communicate in Korean and therefore, if the Complainant were required to submit all documents in Korean, the arbitration
proceeding will be unduly delayed and the Complainant would have to incur
substantial expenses for translation. Therefore, in consideration of
the above circumstances and in the interest of fairness to both parties, the
Panel hereby decides, under Paragraph 11 of the Rules, that English shall
be the language of administrative proceeding in this case. However,
based on the Panel¡¯s discretion, Korean language documents submitted, have
been reviewed by the Panel.¡±
All
these previous WIPO decisions, in this Panelist¡¯s view, favour English as
the language of the proceedings in the present case.
B.
Merits of Complaint
I agree with the majority that the complaint be allowed and transfer of the Disputed
Domain Name ordered. I have been supplied with a translation of the
operative part of the decision by the Presiding Panelist and I agree with
it.
The Disputed Domain Name is confusingly similar to the Complainant¡¯s
marks. The Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests. The
registration was made and continues in bad faith.
To my mind, this case of opportunistic cyber squatting is no different
from many similar cases where an individual has moved swiftly to register
the name of a new entity as soon as a merger of two large corporations has
been announced. The cases cited by the majority are examples.
One could also mention:
- Repsol YPF.S.A. v. Comn.com, WIPO
Case No. D2001-0741;
- SMS Demag AG v. Seung Gon, Kim, WIPO
Case No. D2000-1434;
- Pharmacia-Upjohn AB v. Monsantopharmacia, com. Inc, WIPO
Case No. D2000-0446;
- London Metal Exchange Limited v. Syed Hussain, WIPO
Case No. D2000-1388.
Sir Ian Barker
ÆгÎÀ§¿ø
Dated: December 23, 2004